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For the same reasons that every other medieval city was dirty: there were few paved roads, which meant that most roads were either dusty or muddy. And it was not only mud: medieval cities like London had no garbage disposal facilities and no sewerage systems. Streets were basically open sewers and garbage dumps: a place to dump waste, be it rotten food or human excrement.

Transport was - if not by pushcart - drawn by thousands of oxen and horses, who added liberally to the stench and the level of excrement. Every household kept pigs and chickens who at the front disposed of edible waste, but at the back added to the non-edible waste.

Tanneries used liberal amounts of urine in the tanning process and gave off such a stench that even medieval citizens tried to ban them to the edge of town. Butchers plied their trade in the open air in front of their shops and did not particularly care where the waste was going. The thousands of cows, pigs, sheep, geese and chickens needed each day to feed the city were herded through the streets to the markets. People - certainly the many poor - seldom washed and rarely changed clothes....well, you get the picture.

It did not help that at the time no one understood the connection between filth, lack of hygiene and the many contagious diseases. It would take until late in the 19th century before anything resembling public services in the field of sewerage and garbage collecting came into being.

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10y ago
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12y ago

They still threw their waste into the streets.

Thomas White built toilets on the first floor of the houses.

The filth from these toilets fell onto the heads of the passers-by.

The floors of the houses are made of clay covered with straw. Under this there are layers of dirt which have never been cleaned. The dirt is a mixture of beer, Grease, bones and the body waste of men and animals.

The would be the smell of manure, the smell of various animals, the smell of waste and the smell of different crops and food. It smells bad because of the waste dumped into the street though the gutters. Another reason it smells so badly is because of all the animals and the manure.

The also had no sewers. :)

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14y ago

There was no garbage pick-up , and the gutters were used to empty "slop buckets" [what we had before indoor Plumbing ] God bless plumbers!

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11y ago

No plumbing, no garbage collection, and buring coal for heating (smoke).

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Q: Why were medieval towns so dirty?
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