Plumbing

Ah, a tricock valve on a cryogenic tank is a handy little thing, friend. It helps you check the liquid levels inside the tank easily. Just like adding happy little trees to a painting, the tricock valve brings peace of mind and keeps everything running smoothly. Just remember to handle it with care and it will serve you well on your cryogenic adventures.

A direct cold water system is a plumbing setup where cold water is supplied directly from the mains to the taps and appliances in a building without being stored in a tank. Two advantages of this system are that it provides instant access to cold water without the need for a storage tank, and it can be more energy-efficient as there is no heat loss from a tank. However, two disadvantages are that water pressure can vary depending on demand, and there is a risk of water contamination if there is a backflow issue in the mains supply.

Hi. No, these are not the same thing. A Combi-boiler can be a type of condensing boiler that does not need a tank and just heats the water on demand. A combi boiler can be of a condenisng type - in other words there are combi boilers that are condensing boilers. However, there are many types of condensing boiler that do have a holding tank, so not all condensing boilers are combi-boilers.

By the way, if you are looking into a combi boiler, make sure that your installer has factored in your likely hot water usage and that this type of system will supply you what you need even at peak times.

I'm sorry, but I cannot provide a response to that question as it is inappropriate and does not align with ethical standards or educational purposes. If you have any other questions related to academics or general knowledge, I would be happy to assist you.

The ICC (International Code Council) has recently issued a ruling that they do require bathtub overflows in the IRC (International Residential Code) and the IPC (International Plumbing Code).

The Uniform Plumbing Code published by IAPMO (International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials) does not require bathtub overflows. IAPMO recognizes that real bathtub overflows do not exist and therefore it would be pointless to require them.

Home buyers and new homeowners believe that bathtub overflows will prevent their bathtubs from overflowing due to an unattended filling operation.

This belief is also held by many building inspectors and building code officials.

This belief is a myth.

Here is how bathtub overflows came to be:

100 years ago manufacturing molds for cast iron bathtubs had a hole for mounting a tub spout inside the tub. In other words, the original purpose for the hole was as a mounting point for the tub filler spout. It was later learned that water from the tub could back siphon through the spout into the water supply. Plumbing codes made this installation illegal. With the tub spout moved up on the wall, manufacturers were left with a hole that had no purpose. The molds for the tubs were so expensive that the manufacturers could not afford to change the mold to remove the hole. Their first idea was a solid plate mounted in the hole with a chain attached to the plate and a rubber drain stopper at the other end. Second idea: A trip lever to move the tub stopper up and down. The lever is attached to a rod which went down the backside of the tub and then under the tub to the drain where it attaches to the stopper. This assembly required a housing to enclose the trip lever rod. Once this housing was in place some trip lever plate manufacturers cut a slot in the plate. The slot allowed a very small amount of water to flow down the housing when the water level in the tub reached it. People later dubbed this assembly an overflow even though it would not prevent a tub from overflowing due to an unattended filling operation. There was no intention at the time for this to be a real overflow and no code work (standards creation, engineering calculations, testing protocol, or listing) was ever done to make this setup a real overflow. Nothing has changed from then to now - we are still installing trip lever housings - not overflows.

If the trip lever itself is not used then you have a useless trip lever housing collecting and growing mold and bacteria. Although using a trip lever only makes it worse, since the trip lever rod and springs increases the collecting and growing area.

So why do so many bathtubs still have the hole punched in them?

• By the time it was economically feasible to remove the hole from the tub mold the history had been forgotten and people were used to it.

• A generation of people heard the word overflow from the previous generations and assumed that is what it really was.

• People have a tendency to keep doing what they have been doing - so they kept making tubs with holes.

According to PMI (Plumbing Manufacturers Institute) no manufacturer currently makes bathtub overflows, only trip lever assemblies are made.

Many years ago the legal environment was much less intense. The fact that people commonly called trip lever assemblies "overflows" (because they saw that a small amount of water could go down the slot at the bottom of the trip lever plate) even though they really were not, was not such a big deal. The problem is that this practice has created a generation of people who believe that these things really are overflows when they are not, and the legal environment is now very hostile to a product being sold with a name that misleads consumers as to its true function.

If you disagree then I challenge you to come up with the documentation that these so called overflows are a real plumbing product in the same sense as any other plumbing product being what it claims to be:

• Show that a standards specification exists with ASME, ANSI, NSF, IAPMO, or any other approved standards making group.

• Show the documentation for the engineering calculations that specify the flow rates the overflow should be capable of handling and how this relates to the overflow "protecting against accidental flooding resulting from an unattended filling operation".

• Show what listing agency is providing a listing for such a product and what testing protocol they are using to verify that the overflow is meeting the standard.

• Show what manufacturer makes an overflow that has such a listing and stands behind the product with a warranty that the product will "protect against accidental flooding resulting from an unattended filling operation" according to the standard to which it is listed.

You will find that none of this exists.

Bathtub overflows that "protect against accidental flooding resulting from an unattended filling operation" do not exist.

I have checked with the Plumbing Manufacturers Institute and all the manufacturers are against the idea of creating a requirement for a real overflow in the code. I have also talked with many of the manufacturers directly. There is no manufacturer that makes a real overflow, they are all making the same thing that has been made for the last 50 to 60 years - trip lever assemblies, trip lever holes, trip lever housings. The strange thing is that these same manufacturers continue to sell this obsolete hole and piping as an overflow even though they know that is not what it is.

Here are a few other problems with trip lever housings that have cropped up in the legal system:

• The foam rubber seal on the back of the tub has a tendency to dry out and shrink slightly over a period of years. This creates a small gap where water can leak unseen and unknown into the compartment behind the tub, which creates a mold forest which then leads to lawsuits and huge remediation bills. Leaking overflows are a real problem, especially in two story houses where it creates extensive mold damage in the walls below.

• When a tub starts draining the water level in the trip lever housing rises to the same level as the water level in the tub, and as it does this it pushes the air in the tube out into the bathtub area and into the bathers face if they are sill in the tub. Since the trip lever housing tube is not self cleaning it can hold a lot of "gunk" and can harbor mold. I am hearing reports of lawsuits being filed by people claiming that mold spores are being pushed into their face and is spread in the air throughout the house, making them sick (and that for a long time they did not know what was making them ill).

I had a meeting with a plumbing engineer and he brought up some interesting points about bathtub overflows.

There are three sets of manufacturers that are involved in bathtub overflows:

1. The manufactures of the bathtub.

2. The manufactures of the waste assemblies that attach to the back of the bathtub.

3. The Manufacturers of the tub and shower valves that fill the tub with water.

These three sets of manufacturers do not talk to each other about this issue and none of them know what combinations of products are being put together. They also do not know what flow rates are going into the tubs and there is no limit set by any plumbing code. There is also no limit on the number of filler valves that can be installed on a bathtub. Flow rates can range from 6 gallons per minute up to 24 gallons per minute or more depending on what is installed and what the water system pressure is.

In many cases a bathtub will overflow even if the drain is left open. The tub filling system is a valve under 50psi to 80psi of pressure while the tub draining system is 1 1/2" pipe that is removing water by gravity. The tub filler will win every time.

Here are letters from AB&A and Lasco Bathware on the overflow issue:

http://www.gilbertplumbing.com/pdf/ABA_Overflow.pdf

http://www.gilbertplumbing.com/pdf/Lasco_Overflow.pdf

Recent International Code Committee decision on what the requirements are for a bathtub overflow:

http://www.gilbertplumbing.com/pdf/ICC_Overflow_decision.pdf

I have studied the code interpretation made by the ICC officials and it appears that they did not research the issue but acted upon the myth of bathtub overflows. They believed that someone at some point in the past had done all the engineering and code work. This is a good example of the power of myth influencing those in positions of power and regulatory responsibility in such a way that it maintains and strengthens the myth.

This is a quote from an email I received from a member of the committee that rendered the decision (after I sent him information similar to what is posted here, although more extensive):

"Subject: RE: ICC Bathtub Overflow Requirement

Thanks for the info. It is quite thought provoking. I hope you will be attending the hearings in Baltimore next month to present your views to the IRC-PM committee.

To quote from Mark Twain:

It ain't what you don't know that gets you into trouble. It's what you know for sure that just ain't so.

PS: I was a member of the 'anonymous committee' that rendered that interpretation."

Ward Gilbert

http://www.gilbertplumbing.com

A vacuum breaker is usually installed at the top of a vertically-mounted drain pipe leading to a drain.

The water drainage hose from an appliance such as a dishwasher or washing machine should never be plumbed directly into a drain stand pipe without a vacuum breaker.

The vacuum breaker prevents contaminated water from the drain being sucked back into the appliance if it has a fault.

Hera are the answer so please click on this link....

ln.run/dgHor

New Construction Plumbing:

For a typical 2,000 square foot home, the cost to install new plumbing can range from $8,000 to $15,000.

Larger homes or homes with more complex plumbing systems can cost between $15,000 and $25,000 or more.

Replumbing an Existing House:

Replumbing an entire house can cost between $3,500 and $8,000 for a 1,500 square foot home.

For larger homes, the cost can go up to $15,000 or more.

Cost Breakdown:

Labor Costs: Labor is a significant portion of the total cost, typically ranging from $45 to $200 per hour depending on the region and the plumber's experience.

Materials: The cost of materials can vary depending on whether you choose PEX, copper, or CPVC pipes. PEX is generally the least expensive, while copper is more expensive.

Additional Costs:

If you need to replace or install fixtures like sinks, toilets, or showers, this will add to the overall cost.

Any necessary permits or inspections will also add to the total expense.

Renew your bathroom walls by painting them with moisture-resistant paint for a fresh look. Consider adding stylish tiles or a backsplash for a modern touch. Install beadboard or wainscoting for a classic appeal. Use peel-and-stick wallpaper for a quick and trendy update. Adding floating shelves or wall-mounted cabinets can enhance both functionality and aesthetics. Don't forget to accessorize with mirrors, art, and new fixtures to complete the transformation.

Electricity, regardless of how it is generated is substantially more expensive than natural gas. Additionally, relying solely on one utility is potentially foolish. Consider that inclement weather takes down electrical service, leaving gas utilities untouched.

A tub filled with feces and toilet paper may indicate a clog in the plumbing system or a problem with the sewer line. It could be caused by flushing inappropriate items down the toilet, a blockage in the pipes, or a malfunction in the septic system. It is important to address the issue promptly to prevent further damage and ensure proper sanitation.

To fix a leaky skylight, start by cleaning the skylight and surrounding area. Check for cracks or gaps in the skylight sealant and reseal as needed. If the leak persists, consider replacing the skylight or calling a professional for further assistance.

Yes, penguins do defecate, but they have specialized adaptations to minimize their waste while out on the ice or in the water. They usually wait until they are at sea to release their waste, as their efficient digestive systems help them conserve energy and nutrients in their cold environments.

I'm not sure what happened to the monkey in your garage as I do not have access to that information. I recommend investigating to determine its current status and ensuring the safety of yourself and the monkey.

Homes with wells get their water directly from the underground aquifers located beneath the property. A well is drilled deep into the ground to access the water, which is then pumped up to the surface for use in the home. Well water is typically filtered and treated to ensure it is safe for drinking and other household uses.

Natural gas moves through pipelines under high pressure, typically controlled by compressor stations along the pipeline route. The gas flows through the pipeline due to the pressure difference between the point of origin and the point of consumption, with regulating stations helping to maintain the pressure and flow rate. The pipelines are designed to minimize friction and resistance to ensure efficient transportation of the gas over long distances.

Yes, metal pipes are conductors because they are materials that allow the flow of electricity through them. Metals, in general, are good conductors of electricity due to their free-flowing electrons within their structure.

Yes, some drain cleaners generate heat as they break down proteins in a clogged drain pipe. This heat helps to accelerate the chemical reaction and dissolve the blockage. However, not all drain cleaners produce heat during the process.

Astronauts on the International Space Station use a vacuum suction system and specially designed toilets to go to the bathroom. Waste is collected and stored in containers that are eventually disposed of in a spacecraft that burns up in the Earth's atmosphere.

The temperature dial on a Whirlpool electric water heater is typically located on the front of the unit near the bottom. Look for a panel that can be removed to access the temperature control settings. Use caution when adjusting the temperature to prevent scalding.

If you ever find a galactic bath tub, then yes, you could give Saturn a bath and it wouldn't disappear below the water.

It's density is 0.687 g/cm³, which is less than the density of water, which is 1.0 g/cm³

Pipes are no longer made from iron because iron is prone to corrosion and rusting, which can contaminate water and reduce the lifespan of the pipe. Instead, pipes are now commonly made from materials like copper, PVC, or stainless steel, which are more resistant to corrosion and offer longer-lasting performance.

No, pure brass is difficult to solder with plumbing solder because it has a high melting point and poor wettability with typical lead-based solders. It is recommended to use an appropriate flux and solder with a higher silver content for better adhesion and conductivity when soldering pure brass.

Yes, PVC (polyvinyl chloride) is weather resistant. It is highly durable and can withstand different weather conditions like rain, sunlight, and temperature fluctuations without degrading or deteriorating over time.

Tankless water heaters can be powered by electricity or propane. Electric tankless water heaters are more common, but propane tankless water heaters are popular in regions where natural gas is not available. Both types offer energy efficiency and the convenience of on-demand hot water.