It was the practice of the Babylonians to remove people from their ancestral homelands, in the belief that they would become assimilated into the wider empire and cease to be troublesome. In addition, the Babylonians took the upper echelon of Jewish society into the city of Babylon itself to help build an educated and noble class in that city. The Jews were not the only people to be exiled, nor the only ones to be allowed to return after the defeat of the Babylonian Empire (by Persian King Cyrus the Great).
As concerns the Roman Exile over 600 years later, this was as a result of Jewish Zealotry and Revolts in the Roman territory of Judea-Palaestina in the years 70 and 132 C.E. In an attempt to minimize the ability of the Jews to revolt again, they were dispersed.
According to traditional Jewish belief, the Jews were dispersed as a result of their failing to follow the path set before them by God. The nation was explicitly warned about this consequence in Deuteronomy 28:64.
The Ten Lost Tribes of the Israelites.
The Assyrians
The Ten Lost Tribes of the Israelites.
The tribes of Israel are scattered all over the world.
The letter is addresses to "the twelve tribes which are scattered abroad" (James 1:1). Apparently, James had in mind "Christian" Jews of dispersion (James 1:1; 2:1).
The prophet Jacob was renamed Israel. Israel had 12 sons who formed the 12 Tribes of Israel. The word Israelite refers to the 12 Tribes of Israel, descendants of Jacob/Israel.
The apostles, who disappeared from biblical view after Christ's ascension, took it to the "lost tribes of the House of Israel" who were scattered around Asia Minor and elsewhere at the time [God knew where]. And it continued to be taught and spread as world upheavals caused the migration of people into Europe and throughout the world."...Go not into the way of the Gentiles, and into any city of the Samaritans enter ye not: but go rather to the lost sheep of the House of Israel. And as ye go, preach, saying, The Kingdom of Heaven is at hand..." (Matt.10:5-7)."James, a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ, to the twelve tribes which are scattered abroad, greeting..." (James 1:1)
No. All twelve tribes are from Israel. They are known as the twelve tribes of Israel, they all descend from Abraham's grandson who was named Israel. There are some offshoot religions that claim to be one of the tribes, or a "lost tribe" of Israel, but blood tests have proven they do not descend from Israel.
Diaspora.
After Solomon's death, Israel split into the two kingdoms of Judah and Israel. Israel now had ten tribes and Judah had two.
All 12 tribes of Israel spoke Hebrew, with varying dialects.All 12 tribes of Israel spoke Hebrew, with varying dialects.
If you are referring to the event wherein the Assyrians scattered the Ten Lost Tribes of the Kingdom of Israel, the event was not uncommon in those days. The underlying idea was that people were very land-driven and community-driven. If a person was taken away from his community and his land, he would become more docile and less likely to revolt against Assyrian authority. Most peoples, like Arameans, Ugaritic, Hittite, and other nations that were similarly defeated were similarly scattered. The only reason we remember Israel is that the Southern Kingdom of Judah, which shared an origin story with the Northern Kingdom of Israel, was not conquered and disbursed by the Assyrians.