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Until the late 1890's, the technology had not yet developed that made them able to safely submerge, stay submerged, and attack other vessels effectively.

Until John Phillip Holland designed and patented modern submarine technology (e.g., diesel-electric design, batteries, oxygen, ballasting systems, etc.) in the 1890's, the only previous successful submarine attack during wartime was the Confederate submarine H.L.Hunley. Since the Hunley was lost after her attack on the Union sloop-of-war USSHousatonic, and the wreck wasn't found/salvaged again until just a few years ago (the Hunley had sank and been raised twice prior), there was no definitive answer on why she was lost. Such information would've been critical in furthering submarine designs.

As such, submarines were seen as just another naval warfare failed experiment until Holland's USS Holland(SS-1) in 1897 (The US Navy's first commissioned submarine). Its success led to several new designs, and eventually the wide use of Unrestricted Submarine Warfare by the Germans in WWI, including the sinking of the British passenger liner RMS Lusitania.

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Judson Marks

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3y ago

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