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Fetal monitoring is a process in which the baby's heart rate is monitored for indicators of stress during labor and birth.
Specific reasons for EFM include: babies in a breech position, premature labor, and induced labor, among others
AWHONN (Association of Women's Health, Obstetrics and Neonatal Nurses) certified and trained Labor and Delivery nurses can place internal fetal monitors for the fetus and to monitor contractions. It is dependent on the need and individual state nurse practice acts and the institutional policies.
Maternal to fetal infections are transmitted from the mother to her fetus, either across the placenta during fetal development (prenatal) or during labor and passage through the birth canal (perinatal).
There are many tasks that a Midwife is responsible for during the delivery of a baby. Some of the most predominant tasks of the Midwife is to encourage family members to help the mother push the baby, monitoring the mother during labor and monitoring the condition of the fetus.
Internal rotation happens after flexion of the fetal head during labor. The fetus will turn its head either to look straight up or down.
A Caesarean is necessary when there are labor complications like dystocia or fetal distress. They are usually unavoidable if the labor becomes complicated
Fetal distress is often related to abnormalities in the position of the fetus, or abnormalities in the birth canal, causing reduced blood flow through the placenta.
The doctor should be conservative in diagnosing dystocia and fetal distress, taking a position of "watchful waiting" before deciding to operate.
Diagnostic evaluation, urinary retention, bladder distention, or obstruction, during labor or during abdominal surgery, instilling medication, monitoring urinary output.
Infections can cause preterm labor, fetal or neonatal death, or serious illness in newborns.
Oxytocin is the hormone that is responsible for uterine contractions. This is important during labor, and sometimes the doctor will prescribe an artificial version to give to the expectant mother to start the labor process.