To launch a satellite to Mars, you would need to use a rocket to propel it out of Earth's orbit toward Mars. The satellite would need to follow a precise trajectory to intercept Mars's orbit at the right time. This would require careful planning and calculations for the satellite's speed and direction.
The only artificial satellite on Mars is the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, which has been in orbit around the planet since 2006.
It depends on the radius of the orbit. Different orbit radii have different orbital periods. As an example, one of Mars's natural satellites, Phobos takes 7.66 hours to orbit Mars. It's orbital radius is around 9,400 km.
The speed of the satellite is dependant on its distance from the surface of the planet. the greater the altitude, the greater the speed, or velocity. I would think that Velocity Equation would be a simple linear equation of the form; y=kx, where k is a constant. What that constant is for Mars, I do not know as I did not do Astronomy at Uni, only Physics subjects.
The orbit helps the satellite go into orbit.
The first successful mission to send a satellite to Mars was the Mariner 4 mission in 1964, which conducted a flyby of the planet. Subsequent missions like the Mars Global Surveyor, Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, and MAVEN have all sent satellites to orbit or study Mars.
Landing on Mars is challenging due to its thin atmosphere, high-speed winds, and rocky terrain, which require precise entry, descent, and landing technologies. Putting a satellite past Mars involves different techniques like gravity assists or propulsion systems that do not need to withstand the harsh landing conditions on Mars. Therefore, the challenges of landing on Mars are separate from the capabilities needed to send a satellite past the planet.
Mariner 9 was launched successfully on May 30, 1971. This made it the first artificial satellite of Mars when it arrived and went into orbit.
The speed of the satellite will remain the same regardless of doubling the mass, as long as the radius of its orbit remains constant. The speed of the satellite in orbit is determined by the gravitational force between the satellite and the celestial body it is orbiting, not the mass of the satellite itself.
Generally, a satellite orbits the Earth, while a space probe is sent to gather information beyond Earth orbit. However, probe can orbit the Earth (and therefore technically be a satellite) or go into orbit around another body (the Moon, Mars, etc.) and therefore also technically become a satellite of that body.
A geostationary orbit would allow a satellite to see all parts of the globe as it orbits the Earth at the same speed that the Earth rotates. This means the satellite remains fixed above the same point on the equator, providing continuous coverage of that area.
Sputnik was actually the first artificial Earth satellite launched by the Soviet Union in 1957. It did not travel to Mars, but instead orbited Earth. It took the spacecraft about 98 minutes to orbit the Earth.