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The Haber process.
Catalysts affect reaction rates by providing an alternate route of reaction with lower activation energy. Therefore, they speed up the process they are catalyzing in both the forward and reverse directions.
The reaction rate would decrease.
-ΔH +ΔS T high -ΔH -ΔS T low
i dont know this one
The Haber process.
The explosion of gunpowder is a form of what chemists refer to as a redox (reduction/oxidation) reaction.
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Catalysts affect reaction rates by providing an alternate route of reaction with lower activation energy. Therefore, they speed up the process they are catalyzing in both the forward and reverse directions.
chemists used the properties of elements to sort them in groups.
Negative entropy is a process or chemical reaction proceeds spontaneously in the forward direction.Positive entropy is a process proceeds spontaneously in reverse.
The reaction rate would decrease.
As a chemist, there could be several reasons why an industry based on a reversible reaction fails to achieve products on a commercial level. Here are some potential reasons: Equilibrium limitations: Reversible reactions reach a state of equilibrium where the forward and reverse reactions occur at equal rates. If the equilibrium position favors the reactants too strongly, it can limit the production of desired products. Understanding and manipulating the reaction conditions to shift the equilibrium towards product formation is crucial. Reaction kinetics: The rate at which a reversible reaction occurs can significantly impact the commercial viability. If the forward or reverse reaction is too slow, it can impede the overall conversion of reactants into products. Optimization of reaction conditions, catalyst selection, or process modifications may be necessary to improve the reaction kinetics. Reactant availability and purity: The availability and quality of reactants play a crucial role in the success of an industrial process. If the required reactants are scarce or expensive, it can hinder commercial production. Additionally, impurities in reactants can affect the reaction efficiency or yield undesirable byproducts. Side reactions and byproduct formation: Reversible reactions can often lead to the formation of unwanted byproducts or side reactions that reduce the overall yield of the desired products. Identifying and minimizing these side reactions through appropriate reaction conditions or catalyst selection is essential. Process scalability and cost-effectiveness: Successful lab-scale reactions may not always translate well to commercial production due to scalability challenges. Factors such as reaction scale, energy requirements, waste management, and overall process cost-effectiveness must be considered and optimized for large-scale production. Technological limitations: The development of suitable technologies and equipment to facilitate the reversible reaction process is crucial. If the required technology is not readily available or is not efficient enough, it can hinder commercialization efforts. Regulatory and safety considerations: Compliance with regulatory requirements and safety standards is essential for any industrial process. Failure to meet these standards can halt or delay commercial production. It is important to thoroughly analyze the factors mentioned above and identify the specific reasons behind the failure of a reversible reaction-based industry. Collaboration with multidisciplinary teams, including chemists, engineers, and business experts, can help identify solutions, overcome challenges, and improve the chances of success in such endeavors.
-ΔH +ΔS T high -ΔH -ΔS T low
Since the forward reaction is exothermic, to produce a lot of product and favour the forward reaction the system needs to be colder. However, cooling a system slows down all chemical reactions and so the system can’t be too cold. This process is carried out at a much higher temperature to ensure the speed of production.
Chemists use a special sublimation apparatus.See this link for an image.