Assuming the engine is running, and the charging system is in good condition.
The volt drop should be almost zero.
Possibilities of volt drop include.
Bad earth to the component.
Bad chassis earth.
Bad charging system component.
Bad wiring.
Seized component making the alternator work harder and cutting down the voltage.
Yes, but the 600 volts would have to be transformed down to 480 volts. Direct connection to the motor with 600 volts would overheat the motor to destruction.
Try cleaning or replacing the iac motor/valve, as a guess.
No, a 220 volts AC fan cannot run directly from a 12 volts battery. The fan requires a much higher voltage to operate efficiently. You would need a power inverter to convert the 12 volts from the battery to 220 volts AC to power the fan.
12 volts
Yes, if the appliance was designed to run on 210 to 240 volts.
I've had three vehicles that had ignition switches busted in half on the top of the steering column , drop column and replace {cheap}
Looks like You need to run #10 to get 10 amps at 600 feet. You will have a voltage drop. You might only have aprox. 107.676 volts at the end of the run. You will do a little better if you use strand wire. Good luck.
It is probably not rated to run at six volts. Check the labelling.
14 volts
It depends on the current flowing in the wire. V=IR. The wires have resistance (easily calculated, approx. .32 ohms for 200 feet of wire (100 feet out and back)). If 20 amps are flowing in the circuit the the voltage drop is about 6.4 volts. That means you're converting electricity to heat in the wires at a rate of about 130 Watts. If less current is flowing then there is a smaller voltage drop in the wire.
12 volts...max 13.8 volts
Yes, if it is clogged.