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Flight levels exist in aviation to make high altitude flying easier on pilots and controllers.
First, some background. Since the altimeter uses atmospheric pressure to measure altitude, weather conditions can effect the reading on an altimeter. For example, if a high pressure system comes in, the altimeter in the aircraft would read lower than you actually are. For that reason, whenever a pilot gets in an airplane, he has to set the altimeter to the correct atmospheric pressure. As the pilot flies, Air Traffic Control will give him updated altimeter settings for the area he is in. However, once you get high enough, your actual altitude doesn't really matter; you only need to know altitude so ATC can keep you separated from other aircraft. For that reason, upon passing 18000 feet, all pilots reset their altimeter to the standard setting of 29.92 inches Hg. This relieves controllers and pilots from constantly recalibrating their altimeters, while still keeping aircraft separated. The distinction between an altitude measured by local altimeter settings versus the standard setting is "Flight Level". Any altitude below 18000 ft will be given by ATC as "feet" (exe. "Climb and maintain one-one thousand feet"); where any altitude above 18000 ft will be given as a flight level (exe. "Climb and maintain flight level two-six-zero). Flight level numbers are given in feet times 100, so FL 260 would be the equivalent of 26000 ft.
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