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Chromatography is a group of techniques to divide components of a mixtures basically on the ground of their physical dimension, even if elected types of chromatography exists where separation happens for example on the ground of electron affinity.

In general terms the mixture is dissolved in a fluid called the mobile phase, which carries it through a structure holding another material called the stationary phase. The various constituents of the mixture travel at different speeds in the stationary phase, causing them to separate.

Liquid phase chromatography is the most used type of chromatography, where the mobile phase is a liquid and the stationary phase a material composed of very small particles strictly packed one with the other. Also gas chromatography, where the mobile phase is a gas, is largely used.

The name chromatography derives from the fact that the very first version of this separation techniques used different colors added to the mobile phase in different moments to visually distinguish the components coming out from the chromatographic column in different moments, but this technique is no more used, substituted by more sophisticate ways to quantify components that comes out in different instants from the chromatographic column.

Optical detection is frequently used, generally illuminating the flow out of the column with UV light and observing fluorescence lines. The fluorescence intensity is proportional for diluted solutions to the concentration of the substance presenting the observed optical transition. Since many proteins are characterized by well identified fluorescence lines this detection method can be used for proteins quantification.

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Q: Why you note optical density of protein in chromatography technique?
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