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answer: people are positive animals we think positive +5v for instance is the predominate voltage in a computer PNP will work fine on a -5v environment but +5 volt is here to stay so NPN transistors are predominate
Switching is faster in NPN transistor than PNP. Because movement of electrons is faster than holes.
You can use a PNP or an NPN transistor in a fire alarm circuit. Both will work. It all depends on how you want to energize the alarm, and with what polarity of signal.
You can use an npn or a pnp bjt in a common emitter amplifier circuit. The decision of which one to use is based on whether you want the collector and base to be more positive (npn) or more negative (pnp) than the emitter.
"P" is for Positive and "N" is for Negative So basically put a PNP Transistor Would use N to Switch P, in the name "PNP" or "NPN" the first character is for the polarity of the Collector-pin, the second for the Base-Pin, and the third for the Emmiter-pin. So if you have a PNP Transistor you can`t just replace it with an NPN as the polarities differ. If you can find a way to change those polarities then sure it could work. The Collector-pin basically receives the bigger current. The Base-pin determines how much of that current will be transferred to the emmiter-pin. So in a PNP the base current could for example be 0V and the Collector 5V, this will allow a free flow of current from Collector to Emmiter, the usage of a transistor in many cases is to switch high current with lower current. The main difference is that a PNP transistor uses "holes" as carriers and an NPN transistor uses electrons as carriers (It is to be remembered that the flow of current is always in the direction opposite to that of the flow of electrons). The difference in the symbol for the two transistors are that the PNP transistor will have an arrow pointed to the base from the emitter, and the NPN has it pointing outside.
how to use transistor a1015
one pushes while the other pulls and vice versa.
When NPN transistors are used in the most common amplifier configurations, they require a power supply with positive polarity with respect to common terminal. PNP transistors instead require a negative power supply. Over many years the positive power supply has become a design standard. This means that, for "Common Emitter" and "Common Collector" amplifiers, NPN transistors must be used. The same was once true for logic circuits: for positive power supplies, the logic gates would be built from N-channel FETs. But since the 1980s an improved setup has been used: CMOS logic which is built from approximately equal numbers of P-channel and N-channel transistors. npn is mostly used because in npn electron current is greater the hole current.whereas in pnp hole current is greater than electron current. it is a people choise and basicaly and a manufacture choice. nobody wants to be negative. logic chips were developed for positive potential that doesn't mean that these chips cannot be used at a negative potential quite the contrary as long as the chip sees a positive voltage across them they work. you may develop a computer whereb\y the logic is gnd as positive and -5v as -vss. so you see it is a human choice.
Think of it this way: "P" is for Positive and "N" is for Negative So basically put a PNP Transistor Would use N to Switch P, in the name "PNP" or "NPN" the first character is for the polarity of the Collector-pin, the second for the Base-Pin, and the third for the Emmiter-pin. If you have a NPN Transistor you can`t just replace it with an PNP as the polarities differ. If you can find a way to change those polarities then sure it could work. I would say it`s best go out and buy a few of both so you have a few, otherwise if the application of the transistor is not in a high-current or high-voltage circuit try and find another circuit with the required type of transistor. Absolutely most transistors can be replaced with other similar transistors. Different transistors have different conditions they work by so you should do some research and replace it with another that is either the same or have approximately the same data. Example 1: A burned transistor with the data NPN, 45Volt, 100mA, 0,3Watt, need to be replaced. It is a discontinued transistor, so unfortunately no original spare part can be found. Check the max voltage of the circuit where it was. If the voltage is close to 35 volt, then you may want to replace it with a higher voltage transistor. If it is lower, say max 20 Volt, then you should be able to replace it with a lower voltage transistor. Check the type of circuit where it was. If in an audio amplifier, then you should choose a 'low noise' audio transistor. Look at the NPN transistors you can get hold of and make your choice based on similar or more current, similar or more wattage, similar or lower or even higher voltage. Most small signal transistors are interchangeable if you follow these steps. Even most power transistors are interchangeable but you should make an extra effort and check/match the HFE Data on the transistor too. Normally no need for an exact match at all.
Transistors have many characteristics and they most certainly require voltages to be a certain polarity if they are to work properly. There are two main types of transistor: PNP and NPN. They are identical except that all polarities are reversed on one compared to the other. There are many books and online resources that describe transistors but here is a very brief note about transistor operation. Each transistor has a base, a collector and an emitter. When a small current is passed from the base to the emitter, a larger current will pass from the collector the the emitter. With an NPN transistor, the base needs to be positive with respect to the emitter and the collector also has to be positive with respect to the emitter for the transistor to work. A PNP transistor is reversed, where both the base and the collector need to be negative with respect to the emitter to operate. Therefore, transistors do indeed have a polarity, even if it is more complex that some other devices. Disclaimer: The above description of transistor operation is greatly simplified and there are operational modes that are outside the conditions described. Please don't use the above description as a definitive guide to transistor behaviour.
You can use a ohmmeter, assuming the ohmmeter presents more than 0.7 volts in the open circuit state.If you know which pin is the base, put the plus lead on it and check the emitter and collector. If you have continuity, the device is NPN. If not, reverse the leads, and if you now have continuity, the device is PNP.If you don't know which lead is the base, or you want a general go/nogo check of the transistor, connect the ohmmeter in all nine configurations. You should find continuity in only two configurations. Of these two configurations, if the common lead is the plus lead, the device is NPN, otherwise it is PNP. This will also identify the base. (Unfortunately, you cannot identify the collector or emitter using this technique.)
You need a positive input to operate the transistor and since most circuits are negatively grounded when the transistor is not in use it has a negative input current thus using less power most of the time.
You can create an astable multivibrator with PNP, NPN, FETs, or even with NOR gates, NAND gates, or NOT gates. In fact the escapement movement in a mechanical watch is a species of astable multivibrator.