120 volts
yes 240volts is 240 volts
You don't.
Yes. Since the coil is run at full voltage when starting 12 volts may be too much for a 6 volt ignition coil. It would be at about 8 volts when running. There is a starting resistor.
No. You cannot use any battery for it.
No...that's too much voltage, and 277v is normally three-phase power.
No, you will need two 12 volt batteries connected in series to give the 24 volts necessary to run the pump. It will not run on 12 volts.
120 volts
yes 240volts is 240 volts
No, unless the motor was wound for dual voltage operation, which it will state on the motor nameplate, a 110 volt motor run on 240 volts will be damaged.
You don't.
yes, but it may burn out
Yes, but the 600 volts would have to be transformed down to 480 volts. Direct connection to the motor with 600 volts would overheat the motor to destruction.
No, the voltage of 500 volts is too high to operate a 380 volt motor.
Unless it is a 12 volt DC box fan you cannot run it at all. If it is a 12 volt fan the time it will run depends on it's size and at what speed you run it and the condition of the battery. All you can do is try it.
If a 48 Volt club car electric motor requires 48 volts, then it should be given a 48 volt power source, or something close to it. Too many more volts and it may burn out; not enough volts and it may not run or it will try to draw too much power and burn out the power supply.
No. You need 12 volt AC to run a 12 volt AC motor, not 12 volt DC.