Yes it can.
On any vehicle after 1996, YES.
Yes
A failed catalytic converter is one of hundreds of parts that can cause the check engine light to be on.
That depends on the engine and the fuel you've used. If the engine starts burning oil a catalytic converter can fail rapidly. Some fuel additives can also cause a catalytic converter to fail prematurely.
A bad catalytic converter can cause hard starts if it has become clogged. This produces excessive back pressure in the engine.
it is ok to continue driving the vehicle while the catalytic converter is not working properly?
If it is not speced correct for it then, yes.
A bad coil can damage a converter. If the engine is misfiring, it will cause raw fuel to get into the converter and that can cause failure.
If the converter is partially clogged it can cause the engine to overheat which can cause serious problems. Other than that if will not harm the engine.
Engine mounts
A flashing check engine light is due to a condition that is causing catalytic converter damage. Normal cause is a severe misfireA flashing check engine light is due to a condition that is causing catalytic converter damage. Normal cause is a severe misfire
Yes, it is possible. It will also cause severe loss of power.