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Air conditioning usually consumes less power in winter, but mainly because it isn't needed as much. You should expect the air moving parts of the machine to have litttle interest in the outdoor air temperature. You might expect that the refrigerant compressor would consume less power in the winter because the the condensing temperature and head pressure would be lower. In practice, the the A/C must limit the system condensing temperature and maintain a higher head pressure to avoid the compressor oil being pumped out and/or liquid refrigerant being returned instead of vapor and damaging the compressor.
Head pressure controls often begin to maintain condensing pressure and temperature at roughly 80°F, below which the condenser fans are either slowed or cycled on and off. Larger systems will employ additional safeguards. Any electrical savings from the condenser fan running slower or less often are made up for by a compressor heater that runs in the compressor off cycle to keep refrigerant from condensing in a cold compresssor shell and filling it with liquid refrigerant that would result in damage when it started.
Simple systems lacking head pressure controls risk shortened operating life below 60°F and may suffer compressor damage at lower temperatures.
So... if you are looking for efficiency in data center cooling in a cold area, the A/C itself won't help. A more complex system with a chilled water loop may be configured to use either refrigeration or simple heat exchange. Air to Air heat exchangers can also be employed.
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