Yes. Low pressure will cause edge wear. Over inflation will cause center wear.
Incorrect tire inflation can affect several things. It can compromise handling, lead to premature tire wear, reduce fuel economy, and may cause damage to the drive train.
Tire wear, vehicle handling and gas mileage.
Extreme braking and low inflation cause wear on a bike tire.
incorrect tire inflation
Improper inflation or front end out of alignment.
Over or under inflation of the tires can cause shoulder wear. A misaligned front end can also cause this.
Worn suspension/steering parts Incorrect tire pressure Alignment
Tie rods of incorrect length
Incorrect tire inflation will impact a few things, the first being tire wear and the second being fuel mileage. If the tire pressure is too low, you will experience wear on the outer portions of the tread. This leads to the tire having a larger contact patch with the road and increases friction. More friction means more fuel being consumed per given mile. This can also cause excessive heat in the tire which can lead to catastrophic failure of the tire. Remember the SUV Firestone tire issue. Improper tire pressure caused those issues. High tire pressure will cause wear in the center of the tire. Improper wear due to high or low pressure will interfere with the tires wet handling capability and can lead to hydroplaning or loss of traction. You may also experience the car wanting to drift or pull. Check your tire pressures once a week or when you get gas, you just may save you or someone's life.
The three important tire checks to make are proper inflation(pressure), adequate tread(tread depth), and normal wear(wear and tear).
Tire wear is the most common "damage". The most common cause is use, but the greatest cause of tire wear is an improperly aligned vehicle. This is known as excessive tire wear. Excessive tire wear is wear that is in excess of what would be expected for the actual miles of use. Another cause of excessive tire wear (even on a properly aligned vehicle) is improper tire inflation. Over inflated tires cause the tire to wear in the center of the tread and under inflated tires will wear the outer portion of the tread. To focus more on damage as a single incident verses wear as an ongoing process. Severe impacts such as hitting a curb or a large pothole would top the list. The lower a tires aspect ratio the greater the potential for damage from this type of impact. The question needs clarification.
Over inflation. Inflate the tire to the correct pressure as listed in your owner's manual and on the driver's door post.