no the galaxy is way to big for a black hole to do much in fact we now know that there is a supermassive black hole in the center of our galaxy right now.
No.
That is possible, but not very likely.
You could get sucked up by a black hole if you were close enough to feel its gravitational pull more strongly than another force to counterbalance it which would otherwise prevent you from getting sucked inside, such as, for example the orbital inertia which prevents the stars in our galaxy, including the Sun, from getting sucked into the Milky Way's central supermassive black hole.
Because we are beyond the event horizon
I assume you mean "our galaxy". There is a supermassive black hole, with a mass that is about 4 million times the mass of our Sun, at the center of our galaxy.
When you are sucked into a black hole you'll get destroyed. The matter of your body will remain in the black hole.
Yes, everything can be sucked in to a black hole, even light
Current theories propose that there are massive black holes at the center of every large galaxy, including our Milky Way. The black hole at the center of our galaxy is thought to be Saggitarius A*.
The theory of a black hole and galaxies is that a black hole created a galaxy or was formed by a galaxy, if that makes sense.Eventually, our solar system will get sucked in. But this will happen in about over a billion years!add. For such a size of black hole, the timescale would be in the billions of years. But before which our Sun would have overwhelmed our Earth in its Red Giant phase.
No, if it had been sucked into a black hole, it wouldn't still be there shining in the night sky.
No, it is not possible for an astronaut to be sucked into a black hole. Black holes are extremely far away and astronauts do not travel close enough to them. Additionally, the gravitational pull of a black hole is so strong that no known force or technology could overcome it.
if you get to close