Will the sun be made again?

Answer 1

Probably, and at least partially. Our Sun and all the planets were once gas drifting in space. In the case of the planets, including the Earth, every atom of any element heavier than lithium has already been deep in the core of a star that died long ago.

Our theory of the Big Bang is that immediately after the Big Bang, everything in the universe was pure energy. Over the following seconds or years or eons (our math on that is still pretty shaky) much of the energy "condensed" into matter in accordance with Einstein's mass-energy equivalence E=MC^2. Most of the newly-formed matter was hydrogen; some was helium, and a tiny fraction would have been lithium. The theory is that no heavier elements would have been possible at that time.

Millions of years passed, and gravity caused some of the clouds of hydrogen to collapse into stars, probably far larger than any that now exist. The huge stars would have exhausted their hydrogen fuel quickly, fusing the hydrogen into helium, and then collapsing in supernova explosions that would have generated SO MUCH energy SO quickly that the light elements would have fused into heavier ones. So the calcium in your bones and the iron in your blood, and the gold in your jewelry was created in the cores of massive stars - and was quickly blasted out into space in the supernova explosion.

Our Sun, and our planets, formed from the clouds of gas and dust thrown into space by uncountable numbers of extinct stars. Eventually, our Sun will expand into a red giant and will throw off much of its mass in the transition; this may vaporize the nearby planets. In the VERY distant future, our elements may be caught in the gravitational collapse of some future solar nebula. The hydrogen will become their new sun, and our mass may be bound up in new planets.