Fuel is pumped out of the fuel tank by the fuel pump, and is forced down steel and/or nylon fuel lines, through the fuel filter. The filter is made of a permeable media that removes tiny particles that could damage internal engine components
No, not if the pump is working.
A clogged fuel filter can actually cause a fuel pump to fail. This is a much more expensive repair than a filter.
fuel filter
Yes it could.
The fuel filter could be blocked.
It does no harm to disconnect the battery when working on a vehicle but in general no, you do not need to disconnect them to change a filter.
I would suspect either a clogged fuel filter or a defective or not working fuel pump.
Possibly clogged fuel filter
Is the fuel filter plugged? Crack a connection on the fuel rail to see if you have fuel there. Injectors plugged?
Yes, and the main cause of this is a partially clogged fuel filter.
Might be a clogged fuel filter. Change the filter. Then do a fuel volume check to see if the pump is working properly.
Either the fuel pump isn't working properly or the fuel filter is plugged.