If properly trained, no
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your DON'T relax the shoulder. the butt stock is held close (tight) to the shoulder. In this manner there is less (pain) recoil to the shoulder.
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The standard caliber of a biathlon rifle is .22.
Some guns yes, but most guns would require gunsmithing to change caliber.
That would depend on the caliber, the distance you are shootingt and your location.
a .22 caliber
Many would say the 22 Long Rifle.
That would depend on the caliber, and type of bullet, the rifle uses.
A .177 caliber air rifle has very little recoil.
.22 caliber rifle.
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