No, because it is
n
ot a proper
n
ou
n.
Yes it should.
The word "colonies" is usually a common noun and is not capitalized. However, if you are talking about a specific group of colonies, it may be appropriate to capitalize the work in combination with the proper noun that makes then a reference to specific colonies.
No, but if you named the purple amethyst Shelly, then it would be capitalized.
Just British, not colony. An example:The United States was originally a collection of British colonies.
No, first frost would not be capitalized
Yes, it would be capitalized
No unless it is at the beginng of the sentence
No it shouldn't be capitalized.
Yes, PC would be capitalized.
Yes, Siamese would be capitalized.
They are not proper nouns. They would not be capitalized in a sentence.
Bond business would not be capitalized unless it is the name of a specific business.