No, unless there is another reason to capitalize it.
No, they are not capitalized, just as math and geography would not be capitalized.
In this case, "science class" is not typically capitalized as it is a general reference to a subject. However, if you specify a specific class title like "Biology class," then it would be capitalized as it is a proper noun.
No.
No, the word "science" is a common noun. Proper nouns are capitalized.
No.
Yes, "Bachelor of Science" should be capitalized when referring to the specific degree title.
No 'father of modern science' shouldn't be capitalized.
Yes, the word science can be capitalized depending on how it is used in the report. If the word science is used in the title of the report, it should be capitalized. If the word science is used as a proper noun, as in the name of a specific class or course, or the title of a book or resource, it should be capitalized. For example: Required courses for college freshmen include Science 101. If the word science is used as a common noun, then it should not be capitalized.
This scentence would work: Capitalism is retarded.
Cognition is impaired by narcotic drugs.
No, since political science is not a proper noun.
You do not capitalize science fiction. If you look any word up in the dictionary, you will learn if it should be capitalized. The rule: Capitalize names of courses: Economics, Biology 101. (However, we would write: "I'm taking courses in biology and science fiction this summer.")