The network delay is caused by "handshaking" or the connection-based protocol. This requires an answer (acknowledge) from every transmitted packet. Because the sender must wait for an answer before sending the next packet there will be a delay. The receiver has to indicate that the message was received correctly.
In addition, if the packet is not received correctly then the sender must transmit it again.
All of these can lead to delays.
processing delay
A network delay of 84ms specifies the time it takes for a data bit to travel across the network
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Delay and bandwidth
Flow based routing considers the flow in the network; mean consider the amount of traffic in the network before deciding on which outgoing line to place the packet. The key here is to be able to characterize the nature of the traffic flows over time. The basic idea behind the algorithm, is that any given line, if the capacity and average flow are known, it is possible to compute the mean packet delay on that line from queuing theory. The routing problem thus reduces to finding the routing algorithm that produces the minimum average delay for the subnet.
it is an intra group
Delay jitter is caused by queuing, contention and sterilization effects on the path through the network.
Transmission Delay
Packet delay is caused by several factors, including propagation delay, transmission delay, queuing delay, and processing delay. Propagation delay occurs as packets travel through the medium, while transmission delay is the time taken to push all packet bits onto the network. Queuing delay happens when packets wait in line at routers or switches due to network congestion, and processing delay is the time taken by devices to process the packet headers and make forwarding decisions. Each of these factors can contribute to the overall delay experienced in data transmission.
Latency
As load exceeds network capacity, packets gets jammed at nodes. These packets never go forward unless load goes below network capacity. Hence when load exceeds network capacity delay tends to infinity. As load exceeds network capacity, packets gets jammed at nodes. These packets never go forward unless load goes below network capacity. Hence when load exceeds network capacity delay tends to infinity.
delay loop for bitiime