Presuming you live in the UK and you have parental responsiblity, then NO they cannot remove your child permenantly from the UK if you legally object.
In England and Wales all fathers named on birth certificates after 2004?(I think it's 04!), have automatic parental responsibility, so unless there is a specific court order determining contact and/or residence, then NO it's not kidnap (but if the child was born before that date, then it is kidnap unless you have a parental responsibility/agreement)
In the U.S. one cannot get married as a minor without parental permission or a court order. In England it is a criminal offense to marry under 18 without parental permission.
Yes if they have your permission. It does not absolve you of your responsibility for their welfare.
In Scotland the age at which a person may marry is 16. In England, Wales and Northern Ireland a person may get married at 16 if they have their legal guardians permission but if they don't have permission, they must wait until they are 18 (or they could just elope to Scotland).
In England and Wales the minimum legal age for getting married is 16 years of age but written consent may be required for anyone under 18 years. In Scotland 16 is the lower age-limit, however Scots law still has no requirement for parental consent. In Northern Ireland both persons must be at least 16 years of age on the day of their marriage. Anyone under 18 will need parental consent, or if appropriate an order of a court dispensing with consent. See related link for more details.
When the Queen of England is in residence in Buckingham Palace a British flag is flown above that residence.
Buckingham Palace in London is the official residence of Queen Elizabeth II.
It is very unlikely it will as England (and the whole of the UK) is not a full member of the Schengen Group
16 with parental consent, 18 without parental consent.
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As long as they are in love and the 16 year old has permission from their parents and they live in England. In the US it might be possible with parental consent but it depends on what state you live in.
In Scotland (United Kingdom) and England (United Kingdom) it is legal and allowed for a 16 year old girl/boy to get married without parental permission. I hope this is a help.