Acute adrenal crisis is a life-threatening condition that occurs when there is not enough cortisol, a hormone produced by the adrenal glands.
Alternative NamesAdrenal crisis; Addisonian crisis; Acute adrenal insufficiency
Causes, incidence, and risk factorsThe two adrenal glands are located on top of the kidneys. They consist of the outer portion, called the cortex, and the inner portion, called the medulla. The cortex produces three types of hormones, all of which are called corticosteroids.
Cortisol is a glucocorticoid -- a corticosteroid that:
Cortisol production is regulated by a small gland just below the brain called the pituitary gland. Cortisol is essential for life.
Adrenal crisis occurs when:
Risk factors for adrenal crisis include:
In adrenal crisis, patients need an immediate injection of hydrocortisone through a vein (intravenous) or muscle (intramuscular). You may receive intravenous fluids if you have low blood pressure.
You will need to go to the hospital for treatment and monitoring. If infection caused the crisis, you may need antibiotic therapy.
Expectations (prognosis)Shock may occur if treatment is not provided early, and it can be life-threatening.
ComplicationsCall your health care provider if you have Addison's disease and are unable to keep your medications down because of vomiting.
Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if you develop symptoms of acute adrenal crisis.
PreventionIf you have Addison's disease, you should learn to recognize signs of potential stress that may cause an acute adrenal crisis. Most people with Addison's disease are taught to give themselves an emergency injection of hydrocortisone or increase their dose of oral prednisone in times of stress.
It is important to always carry a medical identification card that states the type of medication and the proper dose you need in case of an emergency.
Never miss your medications.
Also, your health care provider may advise you to always wear a MedicAlert tag. This tag lets health care professionals know about your condition in case of emergency.
ReferencesStewart PM. The adrenal cortex. In: Kronenberg H, Melmed S, Polonsky K, Larsen PR, eds. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 11th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2008:chap 14.
Acute adrenal crisis is a life-threatening condition that occurs when there is not enough cortisol, a hormone produced by the adrenal glands.
Alternative NamesAdrenal crisis; Addisonian crisis; Acute adrenal insufficiency
Causes, incidence, and risk factorsThe two adrenal glands are located on top of the kidneys. They consist of the outer portion, called the cortex, and the inner portion, called the medulla. The cortex produces three types of hormones, all of which are called corticosteroids.
Cortisol is a glucocorticoid -- a corticosteroid that:
Cortisol production is regulated by a small gland just below the brain called the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland releases ACTH, a hormone that causes the adrenal glands to release cortisol. Cortisol is essential for life.
Adrenal crisis occurs when:
Risk factors for adrenal crisis include:
In adrenal crisis, patients need an immediate injection of hydrocortisone through a vein (intravenous) or muscle (intramuscular). You may receive intravenous fluids if you have low blood pressure.
You will need to go to the hospital for treatment and monitoring. If infection caused the crisis, you may need antibiotic therapy.
Expectations (prognosis)Shock may occur if treatment is not provided early, and it can be life-threatening.
ComplicationsCall your health care provider if you have Addison's disease and are unable to take your corticosteroid replacement medicine for any reason.
Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if you develop symptoms of acute adrenal crisis.
If you have Addison's disease, you may be told to increase the dose of your corticosteroid replacement medicine if you are ill or having surgery.
PreventionIf you have Addison's disease, you should learn to recognize signs of potential stress that may cause an acute adrenal crisis. Most people with Addison's disease are taught to give themselves an emergency injection of hydrocortisone or increase their dose of oral prednisone in times of stress.
It is important to always carry a medical identification card that states the type of medication and the proper dose you need in case of an emergency.
Never miss your medications.
Also, your health care provider may advise you to always wear a MedicAlert tag. This tag lets health care professionals know about your condition in case of emergency.
ReferencesStewart PM, Krone NP. The adrenal cortex. In: Kronenberg H, Melmed S, Polonsky K, Larsen PR, eds. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 12th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2011:chap 15.
Reviewed ByReview Date: 12/11/2011
Nancy J. Rennert, MD, Chief of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Norwalk Hospital, Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
The dosage of which drug must be tapered off slowly to prevent acute adrenal insufficiency?
hypovolaemia? haemorrhagic shock?
Crisis intervention is a major factor in the management of human stress, and has four major principles. The first principle of crisis intervention is to mobilize a crisis intervention team which can act based on the specific details of the situation. The second principle is to differentiate the symptoms of acute stress from those that are not symptoms of stress. The third is that the intervention needs to be tailored to the needs of the person under acute stress. Finally, the fourth principle of stress crisis intervention is that the intervention's timing should be based on the readiness of the stressed person, rather than the passing of real time.
Patients who are suicidal, homicidal, psychotic, or in the midst of a major acute crisis are typically not referred for group therapy until their behavior and emotional state have stabilized.
Guillan Barre Syndrome, Good pastures syndrome,Hyper viscosity syndrome, Acute Graft rejection in renal transplant, myesthenia gravis crisis,hyper cholestrenimia,cryoglobulinemia
acute
A triangle with 3 acute angles is an acute triangle. All the angles in an acute triangle are acute.
Reginald Heber Fitz has written: 'Diseases of the liver, pancreas and suprarenal capsules' -- subject(s): Accessible book, Adrenal glands, Diseases, Liver, Pancreas 'Acute Pancreatitis: A Consideration of Pancreatic Hemorrhage, Hemorrhagic, Suppurative, and ..'
1 acute angle = 1 acute angle
That is an acute angle. An obtuse angle is not acute.
Acute disease
In an acute triangle, all three angles are acute.