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An orthopedic surgeon specializes in musculoskeletal manipulation and surgery and works on a patient’s bones, muscles, ligaments and tendons to counter the effects of, among other things, sports injuries, degenerative diseases and cancerous tumors.

There are several different fields of orthopedic surgery that a surgeon can choose to work in, and some of these fields are injury-specific - the doctor will only deal with injuries to a certain part of the body - while others are age-specific. If a surgeon chooses to work in pediatric orthopedics, for instance, he will deal only with orthopedic issues found in children and young adults, which include things like congenital birth defects and birth injuries.

Surgeons specializing in the fields of musculoskeletal oncology, sports injuries and orthopedic trauma concentrate on the muscular and skeletal issues that relate to specific types of diseases or injuries. The field of musculoskeletal oncology, for instance, deals with the orthopedic side-effects that arise from various types of cancer, especially bone cancer. Sports injuries are many and varied, and an orthopedic surgeon’s input will almost always be needed to ensure that the injury is treated correctly. Those surgeons specializing in orthopedic trauma, on the other hand, will deal with muscular and skeletal injuries arising for car accidents and similar traumatic events.

Those sub-fields of orthopedic surgery that relate to the orthopedic manipulation of specific areas of the body include spine surgery, arthroplasty (joint replacement) and hand surgery. Further such fields would be those that concentrate on elbow/shoulder surgery and ankle/foot procedures. Arthroplasty in particular is extremely specialized and involves replacing all or part of a deformed or diseased joint with a synthetic material. Hip, knee and shoulder replacements are all common and can become a necessity for a variety of reasons including congenital dislocation, osteoarthritis, frozen shoulder and chronic stiffness of the joint.

An orthopedic surgeon’s projects can show great diversity and range from carpel tunnel release and repairing ankle fractures to lumbar spinal fusion and reconstruction of the knee’s ACL (anterior cruciate ligament). Orthopedic surgeons can literally make the lame walk, and, given the recent improvements in technology, there is now almost no limit to what they can do.

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