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Blood sugar is something most people don’t give a second thought about until they or someone they know starts to have a problem with it. But it is a big issue that can affect someone without them even realizing what is happening. Diabetes mellitus and hypoglycemia are becoming more prevalent, and both conditions stem from disordered metabolism.
The main sugar the body uses is called glucose. It can be processed from fat or protein if needed, but the body prefers to get it straight from carbohydrates. This sugar is carried by the blood stream to the cells to give them energy. In a healthy body, this process is very synchronized. However, when the body fails to regulate the glucose properly, it can cause tremendous damage to the system.
Normal blood serum levels range from 60 to 90 milligrams of glucose per deciliter of blood (mg/dl) before eating, and up to 120 mg/dl after eating. Although blood sugars can range from 20 to 50 mg/dl on any given day, consistent levels below 70 mg/dl is considered hypoglycemia, 100 to 125 mg/dl as pre-diabetes, and above 125 mg/dl to be full-blown diabetes. Blood sugar below 50 mg/dl generally begins to affect brain function, and at 40 mg/dl or lower it can cause coma or death. It is interesting to note that many physicians consider the pre-diabetes stage to be dangerous as well.
Even though Diabetes and Hypoglycemia are at opposite ends of the spectrum, they are caused by the same thing: over-consumption of sugar. The difference is in how the body reacts. In Diabetes, the body either doesn’t make insulin, or doesn’t respond to the insulin. In Hypoglycemia, the body over-produces insulin, taking out too much sugar from the blood, leaving too little for normal functioning.
Both conditions are dangerous. Both can cause severe health problems, and should be treated by a doctor.
A dietitian can also help to individualize the patient’s diet in order to better regulate blood sugars. But in the long run, it is the patient who must accept his or her own responsibility to put the necessary elements into practice, because, left untreated, both conditions can cause death.
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