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When the discs that cushion the spine break open or begin to bulge, a herniated disc develops. While many individuals with a herniated disc are completely unaware, others feel intense pain. Muscle weakness, pain in the shoulders, arms, buttocks or legs and a feeling of numbness or tingling in the arms or legs are the main symptoms of a herniated disc. Since herniated discs are relatively common, this article discusses typical causes, treatment options and preventative methods.
CausesDisc degeneration, which typically occurs as a result of aging, is one of the main causes of a herniated disc. Discs lose some of their flexibility and become dry over time, which can cause them to rupture. A back injury caused by sports, lifting heavy objects and improper lifting techniques can also result in a herniated disc.
TreatmentIn most cases of a herniated disc, a conservative treatment approach is the most effective. This includes taking over-the-counter or prescription medications to relieve pain, muscle relaxers, cortisone injections and medications that relieve nerve pain. Rest, and applying a heating pad or ice pack can also reduce pain. In most cases, these conservative treatment options will relieve pain as the bulging disc lessens over a period of a few weeks.
A physical therapist can design a treatment plan that includes strengthening exercises and stretching to increase flexibility. Engaging in regular exercise can help strengthen muscles surrounding the back and abdominals and minimize pain. If conservative treatments are not helpful in reducing pain, surgery may be considered.
PreventionSustaining a healthy weight is a necessary component in preventing a herniated disc, since excess pounds can place pressure and strain on the discs that protect the back and can cause them to bulge or break open. Utilizing proper lifting techniques by lifting with the legs, avoiding twisting and turning while lifting and never bending at the waist while lifting can provide protection for the back and reduce the risk of disc herniation.
Herniated discs can also be prevented by ensuring that the back is straight and in alignment while walking and sitting. An exercise program that focuses on the core muscles can help provide support for the spine and strengthen muscles.
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