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Commodities are physical goods such as food stuffs like corn and wheat, precious metals like gold and silver, and raw materials like steel and oil. Commodities are traded on exchanges, like stocks. The difference is that since commodities are physical items, it is difficult to literally trade barrels of oil, bars of gold or bushels of wheat within the actual building. So, commodities traders use futures contracts.

A futures contract is an agreement between buyers and sellers of commodities. For example, say a copper mining company knows it will have mined a certain amount of copper at a future date. The company wants to sell that copper. Another company that creates products made from copper wants to buy a certain amount that it will need at a future date. If these two companies simply wait until that future date, the price of copper has a lot of time to rise or fall.

To hedge against the risk of the price of copper rising or falling, the two companies create a futures contract stating that they will make the transaction at the agreed upon price. The contract prevents the price from moving for only the specified amount of copper. Producers and consumers of commodities use futures contracts to protect themselves from losses due to commodity price fluctuations.

There are two types of participants in the commodities markets: commercials and speculators. Commercials are the actual companies or businessmen who mine, grow, harvest or extract commodities. Commercials use futures contracts to structure their businesses and grow their profits. Speculators are individuals who are not involved in the commodities business per se, but trade futures contracts in the hope of making money.

Like stocks, the aim of commodity speculation is to buy futures contracts at low prices and sell them at high prices. Commodity speculators bet on whether or not the price of certain commodities like gold or oil will rise. Like stock speculation, commodity speculation involves considerable risks. Unlike stocks, futures contracts represent large amounts of individual commodities. This means that, depending on the price movement of the commodity, the speculator stands to lose a much larger amount of money.

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