Different objects have different specific heats, which determine how much energy has to be absorbed or lost per amount of the substance in order to change the temperature of that substance by 1 degree Celsius.
According to thermodynamics, heat has a tendency to distribute itself evenly throughout the mass of a given substance. So that, if given enough time, the entire mass will be at the same temperature (there are no long-term higher concentrations of temperature vs. adjacent regions of lower temperature...temperature throughout the mass seeks equilibrium).
Thus, comparing two objects made of the same substance, the object with the greater mass will take longer to lose heat and drop to a lower temperature than one with a smaller mass.
Small
"Larger than if it cools quickly" is about all that's definitively possible to say.
If rock cools quickly it does not have time to form large crystals and so it forms small ones. At slower cooling rates there is time to form larger crystals.
The lava does because it could be a good use.
No, size doesn't affect an object's shape because it's the same unit and material.
it depends on how long is ban under the ground
Yes, assuming the amount of water stays the same.
The size of a shadow depends on, the angle that the light source is hitting the object and the size of the object. In some cases, the amount of light can also affect the size of a shadow.
NO!
If the lava cools quickly the crystals will be smaller than if it cooled slowly.
Volcanic glass forms when molten material cools too quickly for crystals to form. The small size of volcanic ash particles ensures that the cool quickly.
yes. anything that has to do with size or density does.