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Penny stocks are stocks that sell for a small amount. According to the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) they are shares of public stock that sell for $5.00 or under; however, this amount varies in definition, based on the investor. Many people believe a penny stock must sell for $1.00 or less; while others place the limit at $10. To date, there is no universal definition to explain what a penny stock is, and the price they sell for.

Penny stocks are considered to be risky investments, and investors should use caution when purchasing them. These stocks are typically sold on over-the-counter (OTC) markets, meaning they are not traded on a stock exchange. To trade on a major exchange, a company must adhere to strict regulations and restrictions, created by the stock exchange. Most companies that issue penny stocks are too small to have the ability to comply with these restrictions. Because of this, the purchase and sale of these stocks is not regulated what-so-ever, creating a greater risk value to investors.

Another factor that causes risk to these investments is that there is often not a lot of information available about the companies who are issuing the stocks. Many are small, or just starting off. Their financial statements might be hard to find, and also might be misleading or inaccurate. Investors who purchase penny stocks must take this into consideration. If the company, issuing the stock, hits it big and is successful, an investor can make a bundle; however, many times these companies come and go. If the company fails and dissolves, investors are left with a loss; and sometimes the loss is substantial.

One benefit that penny stocks offer is the ability for all investors to purchase them. They are inexpensive and available to people who have little money to invest. Buyers beware however; the trading volume of these stocks is extremely low. They are often considered illiquid investments, meaning if an investor purchases shares of penny stocks, he might have a difficult time selling them. To liquidate, an investor might have to sell the stocks at a loss, just to get out from under them.

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