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Problems associated with the lower digestive system are many. Patients complaining of certain symptoms such as discomfort, bloating, diarrhea or bleeding are thoroughly examined by a physician to determine the cause. Inflammatory Bowel Disease is a serious condition and doctors perform a complete exam to determine if the patient is suffering from this health problem.

Facts About IBD

Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are the two primary types of IBD. Both are believed to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Certain infections in the lower intestine cause a response by the body's immune system. If an individual's immune system is deficient the white blood cells release certain chemicals that accumulate in the gut lining. This can lead to serious damage to the surrounding tissue.

The mucus of the gut lining can become inflamed, causing diarrhea. This is known as ulcerative colitis and the resulting fissures in the intestine can lead to extreme complications for the patient. Sometimes the colon dilates and can no longer contract properly. Known as toxic megacolon, widening of the colon is the result of the inflammation spreading from the upper intestine. Scarring of the intestinal walls sometimes results in an overgrowth of bacteria.

Correctly Diagnosing IBD

Doctors will take blood, feces and urine samples to check for infections in the intestinal tract. If the diagnosis is positive the patient will be put on a medication program. In most cases of IBD the intestine itself is not damaged to a great extent. Many individuals have periods of inflammation followed by long periods where the condition subsides. Doctors may run a series of tests and compare the results to dismiss the condition as IBD. Often less serious conditions such as diarrhea caused by contaminated water, Irritable Bowel Syndrome or an intestinal virus show symptoms similar to IBD.

Patients With Intestinal Ulcers

Doctors may scan the intestine directly to search for small ulcers. Endoscopes are used for this purpose. The procedure will detect the presence of small ulcers in either the upper or lower intestine. Patients sometimes swallow liquids containing barium. The small intestine is coated completely and any ulcers will show up on an x-ray scan. This is a highly specialized procedure and is usually performed on patients having been diagnosed with Crohn's disease.

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