Major depression with psychotic features is a condition in which a person experiences depression along with reduced contact with reality (psychosis). This can take the form of false beliefs (delusions) or seeing or hearing something that isn't really there (hallucinations).
See also:
Alternative NamesPsychotic depression; Delusional depression
Causes, incidence, and risk factorsAlthough there are no obvious risk factors, a family history of depression or psychotic illness increases the chances of developing this condition.
SymptomsThis condition occurs when a depressed person loses touch with reality and hallucinates or has delusions. People with psychotic depression have the combined symptoms of depression and psychosis.
The content of the delusions and hallucinations can be consistent with depression. For example, some people hear voices criticizing them, telling them that they are not good enough or evil, or telling them that they don't deserve to live and should kill themselves. People may develop feelings that their body is filled with cancer, or is "rotting inside." Psychotic depression requires immediate medical attention to prevent self-harm or harm to others.
Signs and testsDiagnosis involves:
The health care provider should rule out other medical conditions that can cause the same symptoms (such as reactions to certain drugs).
TreatmentTreatment usually involves antidepressant and antipsychotic medication. Patients sometimes take antipsychotics briefly. Electroconvulsive therapy is very effective for this condition, but it is generally used after medication.
Expectations (prognosis)Having psychotic symptoms with depression is a serious condition. The depressive symptoms have a higher chance of returning than the psychotic symptoms. You may need to take medication for a long time to prevent depression from returning.
Ongoing treatment and monitoring offer the best chance of recovery.
ComplicationsSuicide or other self-harm is the most serious complication. You may need to stay in the hospital if you have thoughts of suicide. The safety of others must also be considered.
Calling your health care providerCall your health care provider if you or someone you know experiences depression or psychosis.
ReferencesFava M, Cassano P. Mood disorders: Major depressive disorder and dysthymic disorder. In: Stern TA, Rosenbaum JF, Fava M, Biederman J, Rauch SL, eds. Massachusetts General Hospital Comprehensive Clinical Psychiatry. 1st ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2008:chap 29.
American Psychiatric Association. Practice guidelines for the treatment of patients with major depressive disorder. 2nd ed. September 2007. Accessed January 22, 2010.
Major depressive disorder with psychotic features is a specific subtype of depression that includes experiences such as hallucinations and delusions. Treatment usually involves a combination of medication (such as antidepressants or antipsychotics) and therapy (such as cognitive-behavioral therapy or dialectical behavior therapy). It is important to seek help from a mental health professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Major depression with psychotic features is a mental disorder in which a person has depression along with loss of touch with reality (psychosis).
See also:
Alternative NamesPsychotic depression; Delusional depression
Causes, incidence, and risk factorsThe cause is unknown. A family or personal history of depression or psychotic illness makes you more likely to develop this condition.
SymptomsPeople with psychotic depression have symptoms of depression and psychosis.
Psychosis is a loss of contact with reality. It usually includes:
The types of delusions and hallucinations are often related to your depressed feelings. For example, some patients may hear voices criticizing them, or telling them that they don't deserve to live. The person may develop false beliefs about their body, for example that they have cancer.
For information on symptoms of depression, see: Major depression
Signs and testsYour health care provider will perform a physical exam and ask questions about your medical history and symptoms. Your answers and certain questionnaires can help your doctor diagnose this condition and determine how severe it may be.
Blood and urine tests and possibly a brain scan may be done to rule out other medical conditions with similar symptoms.
TreatmentPsychotic depression requires immediate medical care and treatment.
Treatment usually involves antidepressant and antipsychotic medication. You may only need antipsychotic medication for a short period of time.
Electroconvulsive therapy can help treat depression with psychotic symptoms. However, medication is usually tried first.
Expectations (prognosis)This is a serious condition that requires immediate treatment and close monitoring by a doctor. You may need to take medication for a long time to prevent the depression from coming back. Depression symptoms are more likely to return than the psychotic symptoms.
ComplicationsThe risk of suicide is much higher in people with depresison with psychotic symptoms than in those without psychosis. You may need to stay in the hospital if you have thoughts of suicide. The safety of others must also be considered.
Calling your health care providerIf you have thoughts of suicide or harming yourself or others, immediate call your local emergency number (such as 911) or go to the hospital emergency room.
You may also call a suicide hotline from anywhere in the United States, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week: 1-800-SUICIDE or 1-800-999-9999.
Call your doctor right away if:
Fava M, Cassano P. Mood disorders: Major depressive disorder and dysthymic disorder. In: Stern TA, Rosenbaum JF, Fava M, Biederman J, Rauch SL, eds. Massachusetts General Hospital Comprehensive Clinical Psychiatry. 1st ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2008:chap 29.
American Psychiatric Association. Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with major depressive disorder, third edition. Arlington (VA): American Psychiatric Association; 2010 Oct. 152 p.
Reviewed ByReview Date: 02/24/2011
Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington, School of Medicine; David B. Merrill, MD, Assistant Clinical Professor of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
Depends on the severity, duration, etc. There are a lot: 296.20 Major Depressive Disorder, Single Episode, Unspecified 296.21 Major Depressive Disorder, Single Episode, Mild 296.22 Major Depressive Disorder, Single Episode, Moderate 296.23 Major Depressive Disorder, Single Episode, Severe Without Psychotic Features 296.24 Major Depressive Disorder, Single Episode, Severe With Psychotic Features 296.25 Major Depressive Disorder, Single Episode, In Partial Remission 296.26 Major Depressive Disorder, Single Episode, In Full Remission 296.30 Major Depressive Disorder, Recurrent, Unspecified 296.31 Major Depressive Disorder, Recurrent, Mild 296.32 Major Depressive Disorder, Recurrent, Moderate 296.33 Major Depressive Disorder, Recurrent, Severe Without Psychotic Features 296.34 Major Depressive Disorder, Recurrent, Severe With Psychotic Features 296.35 Major Depressive Disorder, Recurrent, In Partial Remission 296.36 Major Depressive Disorder, Recurrent, In Full Remission
Psychotic disorders involve a loss of touch with reality, leading to hallucinations or delusions. Neurotic disorders involve distressing emotional symptoms like anxiety or depression that do not involve losing touch with reality.
No, having psychotic features, such as hallucinations or delusions, does not necessarily mean that someone is a psychopath. Psychosis is a symptom of certain mental health conditions, while psychopathy is a specific personality disorder characterized by traits such as lack of empathy and manipulative behavior.
Both major depression and mild depression are types of depressive disorders characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest in activities. Both can impact a person's overall well-being and quality of life, albeit to varying degrees. Treatment options, such as therapy and medication, can be used for both types of depression to alleviate symptoms and improve functioning.
A host of problems ranging from PTSD to Depression, These can manifest in many modes including anorexia, insomnia, psychotic events and suicide.
major depression
MDD - Major Depressive Disorder
Hallucinations can be present in psychotic disorders (schizophrenia, schizo-affective disorder, etc. ), bipolar disorder, major depression with psychotic features, delirium, or dementia.
Usually it is non-psychotic, but severe depression can cause psychotic symptoms. Psychotic means having hallucinations and/or paranoia.
Yes. This is called "depression with psychotic features". Fortunately, it is treatable by antipsychotics and antidepressants.
There are many mental illnesses where you may hallucinate. They include schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, schizophreniform disorder, shared psychotic disorder, brief psychotic disorder, substance-induced psychotic disorder, bipolar disorder, major depression with psychotic features, delirium, and dementia. However, when someone talks about a mental illness in which you "hear things" or "see things" it will usually be schizophrenia.
Actually antipsychotics are usually unnecessary for the treatment of depression, unless psychotic features are present. Antidepressants are normally used.
Treatment of psychotic depression includes besides antidepressants, anti psychotics. Electroconvulsive Therapy may be useful.
Depends on the severity, duration, etc. There are a lot: 296.20 Major Depressive Disorder, Single Episode, Unspecified 296.21 Major Depressive Disorder, Single Episode, Mild 296.22 Major Depressive Disorder, Single Episode, Moderate 296.23 Major Depressive Disorder, Single Episode, Severe Without Psychotic Features 296.24 Major Depressive Disorder, Single Episode, Severe With Psychotic Features 296.25 Major Depressive Disorder, Single Episode, In Partial Remission 296.26 Major Depressive Disorder, Single Episode, In Full Remission 296.30 Major Depressive Disorder, Recurrent, Unspecified 296.31 Major Depressive Disorder, Recurrent, Mild 296.32 Major Depressive Disorder, Recurrent, Moderate 296.33 Major Depressive Disorder, Recurrent, Severe Without Psychotic Features 296.34 Major Depressive Disorder, Recurrent, Severe With Psychotic Features 296.35 Major Depressive Disorder, Recurrent, In Partial Remission 296.36 Major Depressive Disorder, Recurrent, In Full Remission
There is no real known cause for a psychotic depression. These factors increase the risk on a depression however: History of depression, Female gender, Low socio-economic status, Traumatic childhood, Isolation, Negative outlook and behaviours.
Psychotic and non-psychotic
A psychotic break is a break from reality. Psychotic breaks often involve hallucinations or delusions.