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Spine surgery is usually a last resort, only used when conservative back therapy fails. Doctors suggest a therapy session of at least three to six months before considering back operations. But in the unfortunate cases when therapy doesn’t work, there could be necessity for spine operations to correct the problem.

A discectomy surgery removes a disc from the spinal chord that has been herniated. A herniated disc is a fragmented piece of spine that gets dislodged. Many times, the fragmented disc piece is pressuring a nerve or nerve cluster, causing intense pain. While the patient is under anesthesia and lying on his stomach, an approximate three-centimeter incision is made in the back. The surgeon then uses medical instruments to dissect the muscles from around the spine bone, then removes bone and ligament from the spine. This segment of the operation is known as the laminotomy. After the removal of the muscle and bone, the spinal nerves are exposed. The surgeon must protect the nerves from further damage as he locates the herniated disc fragment for removal. Other disc fragments may also be removed if the damage cause by the first disc fragment seems to have prepared the possibility of other nearby disc fragments herniating. After all is removed, the incision opening is closed and bandaged. The whole operation usually takes around an hour.

Leg pain is common upon a patient’s awakening, and it may take a few weeks before the pain is gone. Oral pain medications usually control pain around the incision. Usually, the patient doesn’t return home after a discectomy the same day, and they spend one more night in the hospital before going home. In some cases, patients may go home with a back brace called a lumbar corset. Patients are encouraged to do light activities such as walking and sitting upright, but they are discouraged from heavy lifting or strenuous back work.

There’s a 10-15% chance of another disc fragment herniating in the future after a discectomy, Fluid leaks, bleeding, and infection are also possible risks. But there is an 85-90% success rate for discectomy, leaving only a 10% chance that patients will n ot fully recover.

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