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The production of wastewater, also known as sewage, in the average home is unavoidable. Unfortunately, in some rural areas of the country, an infrastructure does not always exist that allows the wastewater to be efficiently siphoned to an industrial processing plant.
In these cases, the wastewater must be treated on the ground where it is generated. Namely, under the lawn or yard of the home. There are three different types of treatment methods that can be employed in order to turn the wastewater into a non-harmful liquid that can be dispersed into the ground.
A septic tank is the most commonly used method for disposing of wastewater. This is a tank where all of the wastewater from a home is deposited. The solids separate from the liquids in the tank and sediments fall to the bottom. Anaerobic bacteria then digest the solids. Unfortunately, not all of the solids can be broken down and the remaining material will slowly accumulate over time.
After the bacteria are done, the remaining liquid flows out into a drainage field where it disperses naturally into the environment. Septic tanks require regular maintenance to ensure that the un-dissolved solids do not build up too much and that the pipes remain clear of debris.
The second form of on-site wastewater treatment is similar to the septic system, except it also employs an additional stage of aerobic bacteria to help further break down the materials in the sewage.
The benefit of adding this additional process is that the water which comes out the other side of the system can be neatly sterilized and then used to irrigate crops safely. This means that the drainage fields can be much smaller, allowing more useable land on the property.
%0CThe final method of treatment uses biofilters. This process takes the water and treats it with what is called a ’trickle filter’. This system employs naturally occurring micro-organisms to help break down organic solid matter. The organisms make their homes in a carbon filter located in the tank. A mechanism inside stirs the water providing even distribution of the organisms and also aeration to the liquid to provide a livable habitat for them.
The ultimate goal of each of these methods is to reduce the amount of harmful contaminants in the wastewater so it can be safely released back into the environment and leave as small of a footprint as possible.
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