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Toxic nodular goiter involves an enlarged thyroid gland that contains a small rounded growth or growths called nodules. These nodules produce too much thyroid hormone.
Alternative NamesToxic multinodular goiter; Plummer's disease
Causes, incidence, and risk factorsToxic nodular goiter arises from an existing simple goiter. It occurs most often in the elderly. Risk factors include being female and over 60 years old. This disorder is never seen in children.
Sometimes patients with toxic multinodular goiter will develop high thyroid levels for the first time after they receive a large amount of iodine through a vein (intravenously). The iodine may be contrast for a CT scan or heart catheterization.
SymptomsSymptoms are those of hyperthyroidism. However, the bulging eyeballs seen in Graves disease do not occur.
Symptoms include:
- Fatigue
- Frequent bowel movements
- Heat intolerance
- Increased appetite
- Increased sweating
- Menstrual irregularities (in women)
- Muscle cramps
- Nervousness
- Restlessness
- Weight loss
A physical examination will show one or many nodules in the thyroid. There may be a rapid heart rate.
Other test results:
- Serum thyroid hormone levels (T3, T4) are high.
- Serum TSH(thyroid stimulating hormone) is low.
- Thyroid scanshows that the nodules are taking up increased amounts of radioactive iodine.
Treatments include:
- Antithyroid drugs (propylthiouracil, methimazole)
- Radioactive iodine
- Surgery
Beta blockers (propranolol) can control some of the symptoms of hyperthyroidism until thyroid hormone levels in the body are under control.
Expectations (prognosis)Because toxic nodular goiter is mainly a disease of the elderly, other chronichealth problems may influence the outcome of this condition. The elderly person may be less able to tolerate the effect of hyperthyroidism on the heart.
ComplicationsHeart complications:
- Atrial fibrillation
- Congestive heart failure
- Rapid heart rate
Other complications:
- Bone loss leading to osteoporosis
Thyroid crisis or storm is an acute worsening of hyperthyroidism symptoms. It may occur with infection or stress. Thyroid crisis may cause:
- Abdominal pain
- Decreased mental alertness
- Fever
Immediate hospitalization is necessary.
Complications of having a very large goiter may include difficulty breathing. This is due to pressure on the airway passage that lies behind the thyroid.
Calling your health care providerCall your health care provider if you have symptoms of this disorder. Follow the health care provider's recommendations for follow-up visits.
PreventionTo prevent toxic nodular goiter, treat hyperthyroidism and simple goiter as your health care provider recommends.
ReferencesLadenson P, Kim M. Thyroid. In: Goldman L and Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders; 2007:chap 244.
Davies TF, Larsen PR. Thyrotoxicosis. In: Kronenberg HM, Melmed S, Polonsky KS, Larsen PR, eds. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 11th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2008:chap 11.
What else can I help you with?
What is the cure for toxic goiter?
A doctor
Can hypoparathyroidism cause toxic goiter?
Hypoparathyroidism itself does not directly cause toxic goiter. Toxic goiter, often associated with conditions like Graves' disease, results from an overproduction of thyroid hormones, typically due to autoimmune stimulation of the thyroid gland. However, hypoparathyroidism can occur alongside other thyroid disorders, but it is not a direct causal factor for toxic goiter.
Does Guyana tea can help cure toxic goiter?
No
What is the cause of increase of hypersecretion of thyroxin?
toxic goiter and graves disease
What vitamins and supplements to shrink and cure toxic multinodular goiter?
d
A person with a toxic goiter would have very high levels of what hormone?
Thyroxine
How could toxic goiter be treated?
it can be treated by iodine and radio active phosphurous.
Is it safe to be pregnant if you have toxic goiter?
safe po ba na buntis ako pero may toxic goiter me? anu po dpat normal dlivery or cs? anu po dpat gwin at wat gamot poi treatment.
What is treatment of colloid goiter if it changed to a cancer in future?
My father has a colloid goiter. According to his doctor, the best treatment is to remove the cyst or do surgical treament. Colloid Goiter is benign/non toxic so it's not alarming, no urgentfor surgery
What does uninodular mean?
A uninodular goiter is non-toxic and continues to function normally, producing the proper amount of thyroid hormones.
What herbal medicine foy your toxic goiter?
I think virgin oil from coconut ... they must avoid drinks containing aspartame..drinking tap water with flouride helps regulate the presence of iodine.
What is the pathophysiology of goiter?
PathophysiologyThe histopathology varies with etiology and age of the goiter. Initially, uniform follicular epithelial hyperplasia (diffuse goiter) is present with an increase in thyroid mass. As the disorder persists, the thyroid architecture loses uniformity, with the development of areas of involution and fibrosis interspersed with areas of focal hyperplasia. This process results in multiple nodules (multinodular goiter). On nuclear scintigraphy, some nodules are hot, with high isotope uptake (autonomous) or cold, with low isotope uptake, compared with the normal thyroid tissue. The development of nodules correlates with the development of functional autonomy and reduction in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. Clinically, the natural history of a nontoxic goiter is growth, nodule production, and functional autonomy resulting in thyrotoxicosis in a minority of patients.Signs / symptomsdyspneastridorHemorrhagebronchitisdysphagia.hoarseness.facial plethoraand dilated neck veins
