Bernard Montgomery
Holding it impeded the German-Italian advance into Egypt.
El Alamein.
The Marne river. On its banks the German advance was stopped.
Marne Riveris where the US 3rd Infantry Division helped the French stop the German advance. The Division's nickname is now "The Rock of the Marne".
At the battle of Troyes in 451 A.D., Rome and its allies stopped the Hun advance. Attila withdrew his forces. When he died soon after, the Hun empire collapsed.
The major factor for the faltering of the German advance would be the lack of supplies and winter gear due to the German's long supply lines. Another would be the "tenacity" of the Russian defenders and by "tenacity" I mean the use of human wave tactics and snipers.
Ägypten is the German name for Egypt.
The Soviets stopped Germans in the City of Stalingrad in a battle that lasted approximately 5 1/2 months.
Vienna
The Airborne halted the German advance at the city of Bastogne.
it helped advance the civilization by making it easier to get materials from upper Egypt to lower Egypt
The first battle of El Alamein (July, 1942) stopped the German advance into Egypt. The second battle of El Alamein (October,1942) proved to be the turning point of the North African war: it started the retreat of the German Afrika Korps that would continue all the way to Tunisia until its surrender.