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Service department expenses can be allocated using various methods, such as direct allocation, step-down allocation, or reciprocal allocation. In direct allocation, costs are assigned directly to the departments that use the services based on measurable factors like usage or headcount. The step-down method recognizes the service department's expenses first and then allocates them to the operating departments sequentially, while the reciprocal method accounts for inter-service department services, reflecting mutual support. The choice of method depends on the organization's structure and the accuracy needed for financial reporting.

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