conservatism
An actuarial basis is a calculated risk based on standard tables. For example, a life insurance premium is calculated on an actuarial basis depending on the persons age, sex, etc and their life expectancy.
If the fair market value (FMV) of the stock was greater than the donor's adjusted basis at the time of the gift, your basis is the donor's adjusted basis plus any gift taxes paid at the time of the gift. http://www.irs.gov/faqs/faq-kw77.html
The best way to calculate adjusted cost for Sara Lee is to assess the market. If the product is not selling well they need to lower the price.
If you donate a capital property to a registered non-profit organization that is approved by the IRS, you can deduct the lesser of the fair market value or your basis in the property.
cash basis
Decline in the value of inventory
Carrying amounts of merchandise, materials, and supplies inventories are generally determined on a moving average cost basis and are stated at the lower cost of market.
Inventories is an abstract of all stocks meant for trading purpose in a business organization or a company and stock is part of the inventory. Trading purpose means buying and selling it on profit basis.
Robert Bruce Gibson has written: 'An examination of the fundamental basis for valuing political participation'
Supply And Demand is the basis of most activity in a market economy.
When items are required on a breakdown basis and find out that there is not enough stock as a result of reducing it, this could lead to loss of production.
Business markets are classified under various forms: 1.On the basis of competition: Perfect competition,monopoly,monopolistic,oligopoly,duopoly,moopsony. 2.on the basis of area: local,provincial,national,international market 3.On the basis of time: very short period,short period,long period market 4. On the basis of quantity: wholesale and retail market 5. On the basis of legality: open and black market 6.On the basis of goods: commodity and factor market
market or market economy
Supply and demand cause price changes in a market as well as what the stock market does on a daily basis.
nifty is calculated on the basis of liquidity of stock and on the basis of market capailization. it is calculated by free flot method.
Clothing manufacturers, for example, segment on the basis of age groups such as teenagers, young adults, and mature adults. Jewelers use gender to divide markets. Cosmetics and hair care companies may use race
market