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The vast diversity and specificity of immunoglobulins, or antibodies, arise primarily from a process called somatic recombination during B cell development. This process allows for the rearrangement of gene segments that encode the variable regions of antibodies, generating a unique receptor for each B cell. Additionally, mechanisms such as somatic hypermutation and class switching further enhance the specificity and functionality of immunoglobulins in response to different antigens. Together, these processes enable the immune system to recognize and respond to a wide array of pathogens.

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2mo ago

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Which type of business earns huge profits?

realestate, stocks, anything in the technology field.


Why do businesses need to produce annual accounts?

Production of annual accounts by the businesses will result in the following.Total purchases and total sales effected during the year.Net purchase value will be arrived after deducting the Closing StockProfit earned in the business or loss if any in the business will be arrivedDirect expenses and indirect expenses will be calculated and there is possibility to cut the expenses if any to the extent of profit earned or to expand the business if there is huge gain including the hike of salary to staff and profit sharing among the partners.Duties and taxes if any payable to exchequer will be calculated for payment or duties and taxes if any paid in excess of the due will be arrived to get refund.Reply From:ABHIVIRTHI Tax and Industrial ConsultancyR.R.JAGADEESANVAT PRACTITIONER AND INDUSTRIAL CONSULTANTH-63, Palaami EnclaveNew Natham RoadReserve Line,Madurai - 625014Cell: 9994990599.


How does tax and accounts outsourcing work?

Every business needs a little help now and again – especially when it comes to the financial side of things. We understand that growing a business isn’t easy, so if you would like to use our experience and expertise to help you, we would be happy to help. Here are just a few of the ways Morgan Reach can help you grow your business, maximise your profitability and create wealth for you and your family. We pride ourselves in providing a personalised accounting service to businesses of all sizes across a huge variety of industries. Morgan Reach, Outsourced Services offer a discreet and tailored outsourced Finance and Human Resource solution, providing cost effective and reliable Management Information to enable your key people to focus on the delivery that matters. Accurate and timely monthly management accounts Credit control, liaising with your customers on your behalf Payroll and employee expenses administration Accurate and timely VAT returns, liaising with HMRC if required Processing and payment of purchase invoices Treasury management, relieving you of the cash flow burden Ad hoc financial and commercial analysis Finance directorate services


A reason why a company reports a significant net income but may be burning huge amounts of cash?

Most companies use the accrual basis of accounting, which recognizes income when it is earned rather than when cash is received. A company could be entitled to a lot of money for services performed, but find itself unable to collect it due to delinquent accounts. If a company is unable to generate sufficient cash flow, it's going to go under pretty quickly no matter what sort of income its reporting.


How much does an accounting PhD make?

About 125,000 bucks / year...ranges according to school, there is a huge shortage!!

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