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Accounts are drawn up over an accounting period - usually a year. An accrual is a payment physically paid in one period but referring to the previous one. A prepayment is a payment physically paid in one period but referring to the next one.

Let's suppose that your accounting period ends on 31st May. You get a bill for coconuts that were supplied in May, but you don't pay it until June - that is an accrual. You pay for bananas in May but they are not supplied until June - that is a prepayment.

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