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To ensure all income and expenses that relate to the current financial reporting period are identified and properly reported in the current period, it is necessary to make certain adjustments in the accounting records.

Most small businesses will not have many balance day adjustments to make, as large accounts such as insurance are usually paid on a monthly basis and most computerised payroll systems calculate leave liabilities with each pay calculation.

The most common balance day adjustments used in small business are:

  • Writing off bad debts
  • Correction of errors
  • Calculating depreciation
  • Prepaid expenses

In determining what balance day adjustments need to be made at the end of an accounting period, the issue of materiality needs to be considered.

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Q: Why are balance day adjustments necessary?
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What is Post trial balance?

Its full name is Post-closing Trial Balance. It is the trial balance that is listed after all entries have been made, the trial balance being a list of all the balances on the accounts.After the trial balance, it may be necessary to make adjustments before finalising the accounts. In this case the adjustments are called 'post trial balance adjustments', the word 'post' meaning after.


Does the worksheet contain a trial balance?

Yes, a typical worksheet will contain trial balances. In fact, worksheets often have two trial balances:A trial balance, which has all your accounts with unadjusted figures, straight from their balances.You would then go through and adjust some accounts, such as prepaid (prepaid advertising, prepaid insurance), payables (superannuation payable, wages payable), bad debts expense...An adjusted trial balance, which you would use after you have gone through your ledger accounts and made any adjustments (end of the month processes, like balance day adjustments..The headings in the Worksheet will often include:Acct. No. | Account | Trial Balance | Adjustments | Adjusted Trial Balance | Income Statement | Balance Sheet |Happy accounting!


Which account balance will change between the adjusted trial balance and the post closing trial balance?

The adjusted trial balance includes depreciation and other adjustments. This is the account balance that changes between the adjusted trial balance and the post closing trial balance.


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Base transactions, journalise, post to accounts, trial balance, adjustments, adjusted trial balance, financial statements.


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You have adjustments in accounting because it is the transactions that they have not journalised yet that relate to the business. So they are items or stock that accountants have not yet put onto the table of the trial balance.

Related questions

What is Post trial balance?

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