Fixed costs: Rent of buildings, lease payments, maintenance of property, insurance, utilities. Variable costs: Fuel, salary of crew, passenger refreshments, costs related to ground handling, etc.
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Some of the Variable costs are Fuel Cost, energy, and operating cost
Costs in the airline industry include equipment, maintenance, fuel, rent and personnel. An often overlooked expense is the cost of using airports. The airlines pass this amount on with ticket prices.
When variable costs rise in a perfectly competitive industry, profits will decrease and output levels may decrease as well. This is because higher variable costs reduce the profit margins for firms, leading to lower overall profits. In response, firms may reduce their output levels to maintain profitability.
Real costs and variable costs are not the same, though they can overlap. Real costs typically refer to the actual costs incurred in production, including both fixed and variable costs, while variable costs specifically change with the level of production, such as materials and labor directly associated with output. In summary, while all variable costs are real costs, not all real costs are variable costs.
Variable operating costs + fixed operating costs = total operating costs.
Variable costs vary depending on a company's production. Production, or output, and costs are included in variable costs. Production and costs are directly related.
Average total cost is the average of all your costs. This is your Fixed Costs and your Variable costs. Average Variable Cost is the average of your costs that can fluctuate.
If selling costs varies with production level then selling costs are variable costs but if they remain fix then these are fixed costs.
There isn't a definitive profit margin. Just like in the restaurant industry, there are variable costs, such as labor, utilities, food costs and such as well as fixed costs, such as land, equipment.
An example of semi variable direct costs is wages. Since semi variable costs are partially fixed and variable, regular labor is fixed costs, as production rises and workers have overtime the overtime is considered the variable cost.
With respect to the number of passengers on an aircraft, fuel cost should be mixed, i.e. a combination of fixed costs and variable costs. However, since the number of passengers on an aircraft have little effect on its overall weight, the variable portion would be small, and the cost will be mostly fixed. With respect to the number of miles flown, aircraft fuel cost would be variable.