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Very simply...the flaps cause an increase in the speed of the airflow over the top side of the wing, relative to the speed of the airflow on the underside of the wing - the pressure of the slower moving air on the underside of the wing is therefore greater than the pressure from the faster moving air on the top side of the wing which results in an increase in overall lift. This allows the plane to fly at a safe speed for landing without stalling - ie...falling out of the sky due to lack of lift.

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