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An opposed piston engine is a single-acting engine. All modern gasoline and diesel engines are single-acting.

The single-acting engine receives force on one side of the piston, and relies on the engine to push the piston back the other way. On an opposed engine like a Continental or Lycoming, the piston on the other side of the engine will do the pushing.

A double-acting engine, which almost always means a steam engine, receives force on both sides of the piston. Since they run horizontally, when the piston is to the right the engine will send steam to push it to the left and when it's to the left the engine will send steam to push it to the right. A slide valve decides which side of the piston the steam will go to.

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