Yes. On October 6, 1981 NLM CityHopper Flight 431 flew into a tornado 8 minutes after takeoff from Rotterdam Airport in the Netherlands. The plane lost its right wing and crashed, killing all 17 people onboard.
The shaking is caused by the buffering from air turbulence
That's true for the airplane's wings, when the airplane is flying upright.
An airplane is a heavier than air flying craft
Air pressure is forcing the ink out of the tube.
Those seagulls would weigh two pounds whether they were sitting in the airplane or flying in it. This is because they have push the air below them (in the airplane) down with two pounds of force to keep two pounds in the air. So, yes, the seagulls would add 2000 pounds to the airplane's weight.
An airplane is a heavier than air flying craft
In a commercial airliner flying at cruising altitude, the air pressure inside the airplane is considerably higher than the air pressure outside. The air pressure outside is too low for people to breathe comfortably, so the interior is pressurized.
No, matter weights do not change while in an airplane flying through the air. Weight is the force of gravity acting on an object, and this force remains constant regardless of whether the object is on the ground or in the air. The sensation of weightlessness experienced in an airplane is due to the feeling of free-fall rather than a change in actual weight.
The airplane that the president is flying on receives the designation Air Force One.
Depends on what you compare it to. An airplane has to move in relation to the air to stay flying, but it doesn't really care about what the ground is doing. If it's windy enough you can point a slow-flying airplane into the wind and remain flying while not moving in relation to the ground.
When an airplane is flying, it experiences fluid friction with the air around it. This friction is caused by the resistance of the air to the movement of the airplane. The airplane's design and engine power are optimized to overcome this friction and maintain flight.
The air above an airplane wing in flight is at lower pressure than the air below the wing. Hope this helps.