Turbo chargers are driven by the exhaust gases exiting the engine - engine exhaust drives a turbine in the exhaust system which, in turn, turn the turbo compressor.
If the turbo is too small, the turbo can go into surge, it is the part of the compressor map where the air flow is unstable. It is to the left on the compressor map, will cause damage if it taken care of.
Exhaust leak, damaged compressor/turbine wheel or a fault vgt turbo.
A turbo is an air compressor that forces air into the engine under great than atmospheric pressure, there by increasing the engines output.
compressor uses centrifugal force for compressing air is known as non positive displacement compressor- examples are vortech, paxton, pro charger, rotex, any turbo.
A turbo works by directing the exhaust gas through the turbine part of the turbo, the gases spin a turbine wheel(kind of like a fan) the wheel is on a shaft that spin the the compressor wheel. The compressor wheel draws air in and pumps it through the compressor housing which increases the air pressure/density. The compressed air is forced into the engine, increasing the engines volumetric effiecency, producing more power.
Look on top of the compressor for the low side compressor valve.
A turbo is a type of forced induction that forces air in to the intake manifold to increase power. There are two "halfs" to a turbo a turbine side and a compressor side. the exhaust side bolts to the exhaust manifold on a car and the exhaust spins a turbine. The compressor side pulls in and compressess air forcing it in to the intake manifold of the car. It does this by the turbine wheel spinning a shft that it is conected to, on the other side of the shaft is the compressor wheel which is spinning to pull in air.
Wheel Shaft; Compressor Wheel; Bearing Housing; Turbine Housing; Compressor Housing They are the main parts plus there are internals, Bearings etc.
Compressor side is driven by the turbine side, engine exhaust gases drive the turbo
It could be a couple things, if it is a stock turbo? It could be damaged( compressor/turbine wheel). If it spins freely and no visible damage, you would need to check for exhaust and compressor piping for leaks. If it is an aftermarket turbo or turbo installed on an engine that didn't come with one. Other than the causes above, the turbo or turbine housing is too large and their isn't enough exhaust volume to spool the turbo up in your operating rpm range.
The parts of a turbo going from front to back are: Compressor housing, inside the housing is the compressor and that compresses the air. the compressor housing is attached to the main bearing housing/core, and on the backside is the exhaust turbine inside the exhaust housing.