A hyperbola is a type of conic section formed by the intersection of a plane and a double cone, characterized by two separate curves called branches. It is defined mathematically as the set of all points where the absolute difference of the distances to two fixed points (foci) is constant. Hyperbolas have various applications in physics, engineering, and astronomy, often representing phenomena like orbits and wave patterns. Their standard equation can be expressed in the form ((x-h)^2/a^2 - (y-k)^2/b^2 = 1) for horizontal hyperbolas or ((y-k)^2/a^2 - (x-h)^2/b^2 = 1) for vertical hyperbolas, where ((h, k)) is the center.