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DDL or Data Definition Language is used to define the database and other related functions like creating tables, views, indexes etc. Some commands in DDL are:

  • CREATE TABLE
  • ALTER TABLE
  • CREATE VIEW
  • DROP TABLE
  • etc.

DML or Data Manipulation Language is used to modify the contents of the data in a database. Ex:

  • SELECT
  • INSERT
  • UPDATE
  • DELETE
  • ORDER BY
  • GROUP BY
  • etc.

DDL

Data Definition Language (DDL) statements are used to define the database structure or schema. Some examples:

  • CREATE - to create objects in the database
  • ALTER - alters the structure of the database
  • DROP - delete objects from the database
  • TRUNCATE - remove all records from a table, including all spaces allocated for the records are removed
  • COMMENT - add comments to the data dictionary
  • RENAME - rename an object
DML

Data Manipulation Language (DML) statements are used for managing data within schema objects. Some examples:

  • SELECT - retrieve data from the a database
  • INSERT - insert data into a table
  • UPDATE - updates existing data within a table
  • DELETE - deletes all records from a table, the space for the records remain
  • MERGE - UPSERT operation (insert or update)
  • CALL - call a PL/SQL or Java subprogram
  • EXPLAIN PLAN - explain access path to data
  • LOCK TABLE - control concurrency
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Difference between alter and update commands in sql?

Update and Alter are two SQL (Structured Query Language) commands used for modifying databases. Update statement is used to update existing records in a database. Update is a Data Manipulation Language (DML) statement. Alter SQL command is used to modify, delete or add a column to an existing table in a database. Alter is a Data Definition Language (DDL) statement.Commands that are used to define the structure of a database (database schema) are called DDL statements.


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