Your engine coolant temperature gauge has a sensor
( there is also a engine coolant temperature sensor that is used for the computer / PCM )
It is an electrical device that tells back the engine temperature to both the temperature gauge and (where fitted) the engine management system.
seriously? it tells you what temperature you engine coolant/antifreeze is. that is how your gauge on the dash knows what your temperature is at.
That is an oxygen sensor, it tells the computer how rich or lean the engine is running on bank 1. The computer uses this info to control how much fuel the engine gets.
The year, make, model and engine would help but, in most cases the crank sensor tells the ECM (Engine Control Module) the engine has rpms so the ECM keeps the fuel pump running. Some engines use the oil pressure switch to keep the fuel pump running.
You say it's running hot, so i am assuming you have hot water in the radiator. If the thermostat was not opening, there would be no hot water in the radiator. Since the temperature sensor is on the engine, it reads the temp of the water in the engine. (Not in the radiator). The fact you have over heating tells me the water is getting hot but the sensor is not reflecting that. I would say it's either the sensor, or the gauge.
It's a sensor that tells the computer if there is a rod knock in your engine.
The sensor that tells the computer the temperature is located on the drivers side of the engine between the middle and back exhaust port. The CTS coolant temp sensor for the ECM is in front of engine in the lower intake and the sender for the gauge is on the left side between 3&5 plugs.
A crankshaft sensor senses the engine revolutions to basically tells the the car when 2 inject and ignite the fuel
it's a device located in the water jacket of a gasoline engine either EFI or TBI that is connected to the ecm or computer which tells it the temp of the water in the engine which in turn controls the amount of fuel neccessary to keep the engine running at peak efficiency
It is the downstream sensor on one side of the engine that tells the computer how well the catalytic converters are working.
4l80e or 4l80-e is the tranny they use and they do have to of them, one is for the speedometer gauge and one tells it when to shift
SImple answer is yes The Oxygen sensor measures and tells the computer about how the engine is running. If the sensor is so bad the computer turns the light on it is very bad, the computer knows it is getting bad information and goes into a program designed to allow you to drive it in for repair. Over a long period (thousands of miles) the engine will suffer extra wear due to this.