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The two sides, the anode and the cathode contain opposite charges. The difference between the charges determines the potential of the battery. The potential can be described as stored energy, called electric potential energy. When the anode and cathode are connected by a circuit, the difference between the charges diminishes, which means this stored energy is being lost somehow. Different loads can harness this energy and convert it to another. Electric motors use magnetic fields induced by the electric current, which means that the electric potential energy is being converted into magnetic potential energy, which is immediately converted into kinetic energy, while incandescent light bulbs use electrical resistance of a filament to convert the electric potential, into a combination of infrared and visible light energy.

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